From: military-radio-guy Full-Name: Dennis R Starks To: military radio collectors#3 Fcc: Sent Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 05:19:45 Subject: MILITARY COLLECTOR GROUP POST, Dec.11/98 Message-ID: <19981211.051831.9343.5.military-radio-guy@juno.com> X-Status: Sent X-Mailer: Juno 1.49 MILITARY COLLECTOR GROUP POST, Dec.11/98 Index: PARA-MILITARY RADIOS; Part V, by Dennis Starks DECEMBER THE SEVENTH, 19, 98; From Lenox Carruth LAST CALL FOR LIBRARY MANUALS; MEMBERS WRITE; G-133? DAVE's DISPOSING OF MANUALS; HUMOR; *********************************************** PARA-MILITARY RADIOS; Part V, by Dennis Starks More From Hallicrafters: S-37, Another of the "UHF Receivers" built by Hallicrafters, the S-37 entered production in 1944. Given it's date of conception, combined with it's odd tuning range and modes, we can easily assume it was not a pre-war hold over as many of these radios were. Rather, it was built for some specific military application. Indeed this is one of the few such radios for which a military produced manual has survived (though obviously written by Hallicrafters),TM11-881 February 12, 1945. I should point out that this manual is for the S-37 and not an equivalent set with a military type number, I/E again we have no military markings for an obviously military radio. It was a 14 tube superhet that tuned 130-210mc in single band, offered both AM or FM modes of reception, and could be operated from 110vac, 6vdc via an optional vibra-pack, or with external dry batteries. Front panel controls included Tuning, Power On/Off, Send/Receive, AVC, ANL, AF Gain, Antenna trim, Tone, RF Gain, and an S Meter Adjust. It was provided with a front panel 'S' meter, and a tuning dial that was similar to those exposed types used on pre-war S-series sets. Size 19 1/8w x 9 11/32t x 16 1/4d at 80lbs(with cabinet), 58(less cabinet). I should note that while this receiver was supplied with a Send/Receive switch, it is very doubtful that it was ever intended to be operable with a transmitter. This feature was most likely included to provide a means of placing the set in a standby mode. Like the S-27 and S-36, the S-37 was rack mountable and in most cases was provided with a desk top cabinet. Given the frequency range it covered, we might assume that these receivers were meant to complement each other extending the upper frequency limit of whatever system they may have been a part. So what were they used for? As there was no FM communications equipment within this range at the time, and very little AM above 140mc, up to which was already covered by the S-27/36, we might assume that they were intended as search receivers to ferret out or study radar signals. Or maybe as an item of test equipment for same. In the case of the later, receivers are known to have been specifically built for this purpose although not nearly as elaborate as the S-37. Who knows? HT-6, Built between 1939 and 1945, the HT-6 was a 25 watt desk top transmitter for AM phone or CW operation. It was crystal control, and operational between 1.8 and 50mc dependant on which of three plug in coil sets were installed. Obviously a pre-war hold over from the low budget Ham market, we can not even guess as to why it remained in production during the war years. HT-9, Beginning production in 1939(black in color, $350), then re-introduced in 1944(gray in color), the HT-9 was a crystal controlled 100 watt desk top, AM/CW transmitter. It was operational between 1.8 to 18mc, and 28 to 30mc, and like the HT-6 depended on selected coils sets for band selection, three of which could be installed at any one time for a possible 5 channel operation. Unlike the HT-6, this was not a low budget radio, it boasted three separate panel meters for the monitoring of stage voltage and current, and single knob PA tuning. Early production(Black) units used the square plastic panel meters typical of pre-war Hallicrafters equipment, while war time production sets had the round metal types. Some years after the war we finally find some reference to this transmitter as listed in reference #2. Here it is listed as T-173/FR and the photo is of the late production(gray) version. Contrary to the description found in reference #1, it is listed as being able to use up to five coil sets at one time, in turn providing five selectable band/channels, between 1.5 to 30mc. The description goes on to include: Fully self contained requiring only an external power source of 110vac. Antenna impedance tunable from 50-600 ohms, 100w CW/75w phone using 14 tubes. Suitable for installations of fixed or mobile, and as of 1950 was listed as a Limited Standard in use by the Army. Size: 29 1/8 x 12 1/2 x 20 1/2, at 120lbs. A similar transmitter was also built by Collins as the T-159/FRT(Model 32 RA-7). About it's use, we also know nothing. What could these transmitters have been used for? One possibility, while war raged on all over the world, business still needed to be conducted at home. Police agencies at all levels were still primarily located at the lower end of the HF spectrum. Such federal agencies as the FBI, FAA, FCC, Forestry, Coast Guard(at home), etc still needed to communicate. Far flung business concerns like oil companies, and commercial airlines still needed to maintain communications to support the war effort. Commercial communications companies still provided a vital service. Consider also that all electronic equipment procurement and production had to first be approved by the War Department, and with this in mind vector in the communications needs of a host of civil, federal, and commercial agencies. Is it probable that it is here that we find the applications for these sets, and why some were adopted and granted government type numbers? We'll speculate further on these possibilities in the next instalment. References: #1, Radios by Hallicrafters, by Chuck Dachis. #2, TM11-487A, Directory of Signal Corps Equipments, Radio Communications Equipment, Aug.1950 #3, MIL-HDBK-161, Military Handbook, Electronic Communications Equipment, 1958. Some future items to be covered in this series include: Forestry Service SPF >From RCA, AVT, AVR, V-100(also Pilot Radio) >From Bendix, TA-12, & it's receiver? 8D gunnery range transceiver Jefferson Travis JT-350 Hallicrafter MSR-202 Lear AMR, AMT If you have ANY information on the above, please share it ALL with us. What Else would you like to see for circa WW-II ? Then comes the post war years where we have a lull in such equipment. Then Post Korea to Vietnam. Dennis Starks; Collector/Historian Midwest Military Communications Museum email: military-radio-guy@juno.com *********************************************** DECEMBER THE SEVENTH, 19, 98; Monday night, on the 57th anniversary of the attack on Parl Harbor, four of us took two World War II Jeeps and some communications equipment to a Boy Scout meeting. They had a Pearl Harbor survivor speak and we set up a display which included stacked M1 rifles, a 60mm mortar and the following communications equipment all working: BD-72 switchboard, several EE-8 Field Phones, a TCS and two BC-611s. The phones and switchboard were a great hit as the younger Scouts had a crank to twist with satisfying results - the night alarm on the BD-72 rang. We were able to communicate between the TCS and the BC-611s. Had no overload problems if we kept the TCS mic fairly far from our lips. BC-611 transmit audio is the quality of any broadcast station. Very impressive. We were able to tune in a "Japanese" station on the TCS receiver. Made a good intercept from their aircraft carriers until a sweet young voice came on the station announcing that it was Chinese instead of Japanese and that the station was located in Florida! Oh well, you can't have everything. We used an 18 foot vertical made up of MS-116, -117, etc. Works great and is self supporting unless a hurricane comes along. The Scouts and all of the adults that were there loved it. There were about 100 people there. Some of the Scouts asked very detailed questions and got a real hands-on education. Lenox Carruth Dallas, TX carruth@geo-thermal.com Collector of WW-II Communications Equipment and Memorabilia *********************************************** LAST CALL FOR LIBRARY MANUALS; Get your name in the hat now for copies of the following manuals. This curtesy is extended to group members only, please do not abuse it! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1, Radio Sets GRC-106,A,di sup & gen sup maint manual, TM11-5820-520-34,Feb.72 #2, " ", C-2 April 1974 Though they are not marked to that effect and the TM number does not reflect it, these are the Depo Maint manuals for both the GRC-106 and "A" models. Be advized, the first of these is very thick(413 pages less fold outs) and complicated. It will be neather easy nor cheep to reproduce, it will not be offered again. None "A" model Depo Maint manuals copies are available from Fair radio for $35.00. The second is only an update to the first. If you need a copy, contact Dave Sundhiemer at . ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CPRC-26,Radio Set,data summary, Telecommunications I 160 Radio Set,technical description,Telecommunications I 162 Radio Set,electrical,Telecommunications I 163 Radio Set,field & base repair,Telecommunications I 164 Radio Set,permissive repair schedule,Telecommunications I 166 Radio Set,modification instructions,Telecommunications I 167 Radio Set,aluminum instruction plate,(Dutch) The preceeding is the most complete set of manuals for the CPRC-26 known to exist in the U.S.. They are not very good in regard to quality of the pictures they contained do to the poor quality of the originals. If you need any of them contact Ralph Hogan at ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Radio Receiver and Transmitter BC-620, A, B, F, G, H, J, Repair Instructions,TM11-4022,Jun.45 This is not a very thick manual, no problems with making copies. For copies of the above contact C.B. Mueller(Buzz) at *********************************************** MEMBERS WRITE; G-133? Hi Dennis: Been thinking about the G-133 now. Although I'm not in the market for one, I am curious to its origin. From what I gather, the G-133 was a repackaged 51-S1 by a company known at LTV/Tempco (if memory served me correct). The rx was used aboard some of these stealthy spook aircraft run by the Airforce/CIA sometime back. Does anyone have any more expounding information regarding this unit? I would appreciated that. I missed a chanced in the early '80's to get one from Fair Radio. But then, at almost a grand, that was an impossibility for me. Any answers to this, please let me know. Thanks. Cal. ed) Your basically correct in your assessment of the G-133, excepting it's intended purpose. This receiver was indeed a major revamp of the Collins 51S1 but the most extensive area of re-work was in it's internal shielding which was purposely over engineered for one purpose. To allow it to still function in the heavily static charged atmosphere of a nuclear weapons blast. To this end, it's most extensive service was in B-52 bombers. To my knowledge it was never used in any stealthy/CIA applications. *********************************************** DAVE's DISPOSING OF MANUALS; Prices negotiable or will trade for selected other military manuals, Pre-1980 Ham-radio manufact. catalogs, Fair Radio or other surplus catalogs that list military equipment. No ham magazines or ham dealer catalogs, please. Shipping: USPS Priority in the U.S. Overseas-- actual costs. 1-2 manuals $3 2-4 manuals $4 5-7 manuals $5 over 7- actual cost THIS LIST EXPIRES DEC 14 1998. ----------------------------------------- Schematic diagrams only (Free): USM-32 Signal Generator TS-155C Signal Generator ARC-58 TMC Model CFA Frequency Shift Converter (short paper). (3) TCS TX/RX diagram packets (copy). Manuals: AN/USM-81 (Tek 545?) O'scope, TM 11-6625, Op/Maint manu, May 59, $10 TMO, Airport LF Transmitter, Air Associ., Oct. 43, $5 (2) IC/RPM-9 Public Address Set, NAVSHIPS 365-2468, Dec. 56, $10 3L1-6 & 3L1-7 Sound Systems, U.S. Navy, Sound Inc., $3 (2) URM-79 / URM-82 Freq. Meters, TM 11-5094, Dec. 54 $5 Panadaptor PCA-2 type T-200, Panoramic Radio Products, $5 TS-497A/URR Signal Generator, Daven Company, 1949, $5 AN/ARC-1 VHF Transceiver, Hndbk Oper. Inst., Jun 44 (COPY) $8 ME-6A/U Multimeter, NAVSHIPS 91269, Nov. 49 $8 AN/ARR-2, AN 08-10-239, Hndbk.Oper.Instr., Dec. 43 (COPY) $4 TS-810/U, Xtal Calibr. NAVAER 16-35TS810, Op & Svc Instr., Nov. 57 $4 AN/TRC-8 Radio Terminal TM 11-618A, Tech Man., June 54 $8 Remote Control Indicator Systems, NAVSHIPS 900,777, Feb. 46 $5 (2) SCR-211 / BC-221, TM 11-300, Tech Manual, July 44 w/ suppl. $10 AN/TRA-19 Amplifier/Power Supply, Instr. Book, Oct. 52, $5 TS-352/U, Multimeter, TM 11-5527, Tech. Man., Oct. 56, $10 RDZ, Receiver, NAVSHIPS 900,617, Instr. Book, Apr. 45, $10 (2) RDO, Receiver, NAVSHIPS 900,527, Pre. Instr. Book, Feb. 44 $5 BC-1066A Rcvr / I-196 Sig Gen, TO 08-10-131, Inst. Book, Nov 42, $10 AN/PRM-1, Radio Test Set, NAVSHIPS 91255, Inst. Book, Sept. 49, $10 RA-34, BC-191 supply, TM 11-961, Tech Manu., Apr. 46, $10 73 DE Dave Stinson AB5S arc5@ix.netcom.com *********************************************** HUMOR; A Christmas Story It's just a small, white envelope stuck among the branches of our Christmas tree. No name, no identification, no inscription. It has peeked through the branches of our tree for the past 10 years or so. It all began because my husband Mike hated Christmas---oh, not the true meaning of Christmas, but the commercial aspects of it... overspending...the frantic running around at the last minute to get a tie for Uncle Harry and the dusting powder for Grandma---the gifts given in desperation because you couldn't think of anything else. Knowing he felt this way, I decided one year to bypass the usual shirts, sweaters, ties and so forth. I reached for something special just for Mike. The inspiration came in an unusual way. Our son Kevin, who was 12 that year, was wrestling at the junior level at the school he attended; and shortly before Christmas, there was a non-league match against a team sponsored by an inner-city church, mostly black.These youngsters, dressed in sneakers so ragged that shoestrings seemed to be the only thing holding them together, presented a sharp contrast to our boys in their spiffy blue and gold uniforms and sparkling new wrestling shoes. As the match >began, I was alarmed to see that the other team was wrestling without headgear, a kind of light helmet designed to protect a wrestler's ears. It was a luxury the ragtag team obviously could not afford. Well, we ended up walloping them. We took every weight class. And as each of their boys got up from the mat, he swaggered around in his tatters with false bravado, a kind of street pride that couldn't acknowledge defeat. Mike, seated beside me, shook his head sadly, "I wish just one of them could have won," he said. "They have a lot of potential, but losing like this could take the heart right out of them." Mike loved kids-all kids-and he knew them, having coached little league football, baseball and lacrosse. That's when the idea for his present came. That afternoon, I went to a local sporting goods store and bought an assortment of wrestling headgear and shoes and sent them anonymously to the inner-city church. On Christmas Eve, I placed the envelope on the tree, the note inside telling Mike what I had done and that this was his gift from me. His smile was the brightest thing about Christmas that year and in succeeding years. For each Christmas, I followed the tradition---one year sending a group of mentally handicapped youngsters to a hockey game, another year a check to a pair of elderly brothers whose home had burned to the ground the week before Christmas, and on and on. The envelope became the highlight of our Christmas. It was always the last thing opened on Christmas morning and our children, ignoring their new toys, would stand with wide-eyed anticipation as their dad lifted the envelope from the tree to reveal its contents. As the children grew, the toys gave way to more practical presents, but the envelope never lost its allure. The story doesn't end there. You see, we lost Mike last year. When Christmas rolled around, I was still so wrapped in grief that I barely got the tree up. But Christmas Eve found me placing an envelope on the tree, and in the morning, it was joined by three more. Each of our children, unbeknownst to the others, had placed an envelope on the tree for their dad. The tradition has grown and someday will expand even further with our grandchildren standing around the tree with wide-eyed anticipation watching as their fathers take down the envelope.Mike's spirit, like the Christmas spirit, will always be with us. May we all remember Christ, who is the reason for the season, and the true Christmas spirit this year and always. God bless ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'Twas the night before Christmas, and all through the skies, Air defences were up, with electronic eyes. Combat pilots were nestled in ready-room beds, As enemy silhouettes danced in their heads. Every jet on the apron, each SAM in its tube, Was triply-redundant, linked to the Blue Cube, And ELINT and AWACS gave coverage so dense That nothing that flew could slip through our defense. When out of the klaxon arose such a clatter I dashed to the screen to see what was the matter; I increased the gain and then, quick as a flash, Fine-adjusted the filters to damp out the hash. And there found the source of the warning we'd heeded: An incoming blip, by eight escorts preceded. "Alert status red!" went the word down the wire, As we gave every system the codes that meant "FIRE!" On Aegis! Up Patriot, Phalanx and Hawk! And scramble our fighters--let's send the whole flock! Launch decoys and missiles! Use chaff by the yard! Get the kitchen sink up! Call the National Guard! They turned toward the target, moved toward it, converged. Till the tracks on the radar all finally merged, And the sky was lit up with a demonic light, As the foe met his fate in the high arctic night. So we sent out some recon to look for debris, Yet all that they found, both on land and on sea Were some toys, a red hat, a charred left leather boot, Broken sleigh bells, white hair, and a deer's parachute. Now it isn't quite Christmas, with Saint Nick shot down. There are unhappy kids in each village and town. For the Spirit of Christmas can't hope to evade All the web of defenses we've carefully made. But a crash program's on: Working hard, night and day, All the elves are constructing a radar-proof sleigh. So let's wait for next Christmas, in cheer and in health, For the future has hope: Santa's coming by stealth! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BOBBY WAS GETTING COLD SITTING OUT IN HIS BACK YARD IN THE SNOW. BOBBY DIDN'T WEAR BOOTS; HE DIDN'T LIKE THEMA DN ANWAY HE DIDN'T OWN ANY. THE THIN SNEAKERS HE WORE HAD A FEW HOLES IN THEM AND THEY DID A POOR JOB OF KEEPING OUT THE COLD. BOBBY HAD BEEN IN HIS BACKYARD FOR ABOUT AN HOUR ALREADY. AND, TRY AS HE MIGHT, HE COULD NOT COME UP WITH AN IDEA FOR HIS MOTHER'S CHRISTMAS GIFT. HE SHOOK HIS HEAD AS HE THOUGHT, "THIS IS USELESS, EVEN IF I DO COME UP WITH AN IDEA, I DON'T HAVE ANY MONEY TO SPEND." EVER SINCE HIS FATHER HAD PASSED AWAY THREE YEARS AGO, THE FAMILY OF FIVE HAD STRUGGLED. IF WASN'T BECAUSE HIS MOTHER DIDN'T CARE, OR TRY, THERE JUST NEVER SEEMED TO BE ENOUGH. SHE WORKED NIGHTS AT THE HOSPITAL, BUT THE SMALL WAGE THAT SHE WAS EARNING COULD ONLY BE STRETCHED SO FAR. WHAT THE FAMILY LACKED IN MONEY AND MATERIAL THINGS, THEY MORE THAN MADE UP FOR IN LOVE AND FAMILY UNITY. BOBBY HAD TWO OLDER AND ONE YOUNGER SISTE, WHO RAN THE HOUSEHOLD IN THEIR MOTHER'S ABSENCE. ALL THREE OF HIS SISTERS HAD ALREADY MADE BEAUTIFUL GIFTS FOR THEIR MOTHER. SOMEHOUW IT JUST WASN'T FAIR. HERE IT WAS CHRISTMAS EVE ALREADY. AND HE HAD NOTHING. WIPING A TEAR FROM HIS EYE, BOBBY KICKED THE SNOW AND STARTED TO WALK DOWN TO THE STREET WHERE THE SHOPS AND STORES WERE. IT WASN'T EASY BEING SIX WITHOUT A FATHER, ESPECIALLY WHEN HE NEEDED A MAN TO TALK TO. BOBBY WALKED FROM SHOP TO SHOP, LOOKING INTO EACH DECOREATED WINDOW. EVERYTHING SEEMED SO BEAUTIFUL AND SO OUT OF REACH. IT WAS STARTING TO GET DARK AND BOBBY RELUCTANTLY TURNED TO WALK HOME WHEN SUDDENLY HIS EYES CAUGHT THE GLIMMER OF THE SETTING SUN'S RAYS REFLECTING OFF OF SOMETHING ALONG THE CURB. HE REACHED DOWN AND DESCOVERED A SHINY DIME. NEVER BEFORE HAS ANYONE FELT SO WEALTHY AS BOBBY FELT AT THAT MOMENT. AS HE HELD HIS NEW FOUND TREASURE, A WARMTH SPREAD THROUGHOUT HIS ENTIRE BODY AND HE WALKED INTO THE FIRST STORE HE SAW. HIS EXCITEMENT QUICKLY TURNED COLD WHEN SALEDSPERSON AFTER SALESPERSON TOLD HIM THAT HE COULD NOT BUY ANYTHING WITH ONLY A DIME. HE SAW A FLOWER SHOP AND WENT INSIDE TO WAIT IN LINE. WHEN THE SHOP OWNER ASKED IF HE COULD HELP HIM, BOBBY PRESENTED THE DIME AND ASKED IF HE COULD BUY ONE FLOWER FOR HIS MOTHER'S CHRISTMAS GIFT. THE SHOP OWNER LOOKED AT BOBBY AND HIS TEN CENT OFFERING. THEN HE PUT HIS HAND ON BOBBY'S SHOULDER AND SAID TO HIM, "YOU JUST WAIT HERE AND I'LL SEE WHAT I CAN DO FOR YOU." AS BOBBY WAITED, HE LOOKED AT THE BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS AND EVEN THOUGH HE WAS A BOY, HE COULD SEE WHY MOTHERS AND GIRLS LIKED FLOWERS. THE SOUND OF THE DOOR CLOSING AS THE LAST CUSTOMER LEFT, JOLTED BOBBY BACK TO REALITY. ALL ALONE IN THE SHOP, BOBBY BEGAN TO FEEL ALONE AND AFRAID. SUDDENLY THE SHOP OWNER CAME OUT AND MOVED TO THE COUNTER. THERE, BEFORE BOBBY'S EYES, LAY TWELVE LONG STEM, RED ROSES, WITH LEAVES OF GREEN AND TINY WHITE FLOWERS ALL TIED TOGETHER WITH A BIG SILVER BOW. BOBBY'S HEART SANK AS THE OWNER PICKED THEM UP AND PLACED THEM GENTLY INTO A LONG WHITE BOX. "THAT WILL BE TEN CENTS YOUNG MAN", THE SHOP OWNER SAID REACHING OUT HIS HAND FOR THE DIME. SLOWLY, BOBBY MOVED HIS HAND TO GIVE THE MAN HIS DIME. COULD THIS BE TRUE? NO ONE ELSE WOULD GIVE HIM A THING FOR HIS DIME! SENSING THE BOY'S RELUCTANCE, THE SHOP OWNER ADDED, "I JUST HAPPENED TO HAVE SOME ROSES ON SALE FOR TEN CENTS A DOZEN. WOULD YOU LIKE THEM?" THIS TIME BOBBY DID NOT HESITATE, AND WHEN THE MAN PLACED THE LONG BOX INTO HIS HANDS, HE KNNEW IT WAS TRUE. WALKING OUT THE DOOR THAT THE OWNER WAS HOLDING FOR BOBBY, HE HEARD THE SHOP KEEPER SAY, "MERRY CHRISTMAS, SON." AS HE RETURNED INSIDE, THE SHOP KEEPERS WIFE WALKED OUT. "WHO WERE YOU TALKING TO BACK THERE AND WHERE ARE THE ROSES YOU WERE FIXING?" STARING OUT THE WINDOW, AND BLINKING THE TEARS HIS OWN EYES, HE REPLIED,"A STRANGE THING HAPPENED TO ME THIS MORNING. WHILE I WAS SETTING UP THINGS TO OPEN THE SHOP, I THOUGHT I HEARD A VOICE TELLING ME TO SET ASIDE A DOZEN OF MY BEST ROSES FOR A SPECIAL GIFT. I WASN'T SURE AT THE TIME WHETHER I HAD LOST MY MIND OF WHAT, BUT I SET THEM ASIDE ANYWAY. THEN JUST A FEW MINUTES AGO, A LITTLE BOY CAME INTO THE SHOP AND WANTED TO BUY A FLOWER FOR HIS MOTHER WITH ONE SMALL DIME. WHEN I LOOKED AT HIM, I SAW MYSELF, MANY YEARS AGO. I TOO WAS A POOR BOY WITH NOTHING TO BUY MY MOTHER A CHRISTMAS GIFT. A BEARDED MAN, WHOM I NEVER KNEW, STOPPED ME ON THE STREET AND TOLD ME THAT HE WANTED TO GIVE ME TEN DOLLARS. WHEN I SAW THAT LITTLE BOY TONIGHT, I KNEW WHO THAT VOICE WAS, AND I PUT TOGETHER A DOZEN OF MY VERY BEST ROSES. THE SHOP OWNER AND HIS WIFE HUGGED EACH OTHER TIGHTLY, AND AS THEY STEPPED OUT INTO THE BITTER COLD AIR, THEY SOMEHOW DIDN'T FEEL COLD AT ALL. *********************************************** (The preceding was a product of the"Military Collector Group Post", an international email magazine dedicated to the preservation of history and the equipment that made it. Unlimited circulation of this material is authorized so long as the proper credits to the original authors, and publisher or this group are included. For more information conserning this group contact Dennis Starks at, military-radio-guy@juno.com) ***********************************************