Motorized Bikes
© Brooke Clarke 2000 - 2007
Background
About Stability and Wheel Configuration
3 Wheels
2 Wheels
Bicycle
Motor Scooter
Common Scooter Brands in Taiwan
Vehcle Variations
Table of Vehicles
Vehicle Manufacturers
Background
A motorized bicycle is different from a
motorcycle in that the engine or motor has much less horsepower.
If it meets a few rules no license is needed for the bike or
rider. The fuel economy can be quite good. Another name for them
is moped.
About Stability and Wheel Configuration
Three Wheels
Steering stability that has to do with
slip angles and over vs. under steer. With a single front wheel
on a three wheel vehicle the steering is considered unstable because
when it drifts in over steer the rear end tends to get in front of the
front.
Rollover stability has to do with the location of the c.g. relative the
the tire contact patches.
The Tri Hawk could no be rolled over on smooth asphalt so has good roll
over stability and has front wheel steering so has good steering
stability. The Morgans on the other hand have front wheel
steering, but a high c.g. so tend to roll over in a hard turn.
Two Wheels
The stability of a two wheel vehicle is a function of it's road speed
and effective design. "Effective design" is the design including
the effects of construction and maintenance, for example if bearings
are worn then the bearing slop is part of the "effective design".
Bicycle
Delft Bicycle Dynamics Lab - design equations for a two wheeled vehicle
where the major componenet are assumed to be rigid and no tire
properties are included. This limited analysis does allow some
stability parameters to be calculated.
06PA0459BicyclePaperv45.pdf
- "Linerized dynamic equations for the balance and steer of a bicycle
and steer of a bicycle: a benchmark and review"
Four parts make up the model: Front Wheel, Rear Wheel, Rear Frame
including the rider, Front Fork including Handlebar
For the reference design given in the paper the following stability
factors are present::
At near zero speed 9, 0.5 m/s) the bicycle stability is like an upside
down pendulum and can fall over to the left or right.
Next (0.7 to 4.3 m/s) comes the weave unstability where the bick
steers left right left etc.
Nex (4.3 to 6 m/s) the bike is self stable (it will roll without
falling over without a rider. 6 m/s is called the capsize speed
and above this speed the bike is marganially stable.
Motor Scooter
I'm writing this while in Taiwan where motor scooters outnumber cars
and maybe even the population. There are a very small number of
light motorcycles and I haven't seen any heavy motorcycles. The
reason is the very congested traffic. Motor scooters have a
number of advantages when compared to everything else:
- the front apron protects your lower body from being hit by
insects and rain when in motion
- " " " and the rear
mounted engine/transmission act as bumpers to protect your legs if you
are sideswiped or trapped between two cars unlike a motorcycle
- " " "
provides for some modesty for female drivers wearing skirts and allows
them to ride without straddling like on a motorcycle
- the flat floor can be used to hold cargo, a dog, or whatever
- the closable storage compartment (some with a lock) holds things
you want to be out of sight like a helmet or other valuables
- add on storage compartments and racks are available
- there is a passenger seat with associated foot rests to carry
someone else
- The small wheels allow maneuvering in tight places where a
motorcycle could not be operated
- "
"
" have much less gyroscopic stability
than motorcycle wheels and so a scooter may flip over if driven over
angled tracks or joints
- the continuously variable transmission means there's no
shifting which is very handy in city stop and go traffic
- typically much lighter than motorcycles
- in Taiwan there are special provisions for motor scooters like
seperate lanes, waiting spaces at traffic lights in front of the line
for cars, etc.
- much easier to park than a car (like on the sidewalk)
- most cities have a number of small shops the sell - repair
scooters
- very good gas milage (80 + miles/gallon)
- the seat is low enough so that you can rest your feet on the
ground when stopped
Common Scooter Brands in Taiwan:
Kymco (Kwang Yang Motor Co)-
5827146 Dual transmission for
motorcycles,
D443849 Scooter, Jun 19, 2001
D493122 Scooter, Jul 20, 2004
D539706 Scooter, Apr 3, 2007
D556640 Motorcycle, Dec 4, 2007
US 2007/0219030 A1 Cooling mechanism for belt-based
speed-change system of engine
Liado
PGO -
Motive
Power Industry associated with Piaggio of
Italy
This may be the piston technonogy PGO
is using. It is made by
PAC
Materials.
6399020 Aluminum-silicon alloy having improved properties at elevated
temperatures, Jun 4, 2002, NASA
6592687 Aluminum alloy and article cast therefrom, Jul 15, 2003, NASA
6918970 High strength aluminum alloy for high temperature applications,
Jul 19, 2005, NASA
(SYM), Taiwan
-
Innovative scooter and ATV maker.
D521908 Motorcycle May 30, 2006
D530243 Motorcycle, Oct 17, 2006
D563283 Motorcycle Mar 4, 2008
5258143 Carburetor with a cam-controlled venturi, Nov 2, 1993 -
6041753 Intake swirl enhancing structure for internal combustion
engine, Mar 28, 2000 -
? Ceramic coated cylinder
? Steadite Wear Resistant Alloy Cylinder
Wizzer - although the Wizzer is made in Taiwan they are not popular there.
Yamaha - has a
scooter R&D operation in Taiwan.
Vehcle Variations
Sources of motive power
2SG 2-stroke gas
4SG 4-stroke gas
EM electric
Vehicle type
Sct scooters
BK bicycle add on kit
Electric
5755304 Electric motor operated wheel,
Robert V. Trigg, Jeroen N. M. Kuijpers (Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki
Kaisha), May 26, 1998
180/65.5 ; 180/205; 180/220;
180/65.2 - electric motor inside rear wheel
Calls:
1320044
1809481
2756832
3864986
3908776
3991843
4299582
4541500
5243881
5855249 Electric vehicle for urban use, Shiro Nishimura (Maquinas
Agricolas Jacto S.A.), Jan 5, 1999,
180/214 ; 180/65.5; 310/67R
Calls:
1155123
3289780
3572455
3930552
3989118
4558263
5163528
5207288
5560442
5633544
6347682 Electric drive unit for a bicycle, Johannes Buchner (na), Feb
19, 2002,
180/220 ; 180/205; 180/206; 180/65.5
6290014 Power assist for bicycles, Paul B. MacCready (na), Sep 18,
2001,
180/205 ; 180/11; 180/15; 180/220
6024186 Auxiliary power supply apparatus for bicycles, Toshihisa Suga
(na), Feb 15, 2000,
180/291 ; 180/205; 180/206; 180/65.5
5865267 Direct drive power assist apparatus for a bicycle, Richard A.
Mayer, Bruce S. Widmann (Electric Bicycle Co), Feb 2, 1999,
180/205
; 180/220
two electric motors drive gears on
front wheel
5842535 Electric drive assembly for bicycles, Warren E. Dennis
(Electric Transportation Co), Dec 1, 1998,
180/205 ; 180/206;
180/220; 180/221
5662187 Electrically assisted pedalled bicycle, James Robert Mc Govern,
Sep 2, 1997,
180/205 ; 180/220; 180/65.2; 180/65.5
4906053 Quick-release type clamping assembly for bicycle hub, Mamoru
Kawai (Sansin Eng), Mar 6, 1990, 301/105B; 301/111
4028915
Lever arm lock for quick release hub assembly
5560442
Electrically motorized wheel, particularly
for bicycles, with incorporated ...
5341892 Motor and pedal driven bicycle, Yasuo Hirose, Yukifumi
Yamaguchi (Sanyo Electric Co), Aug 30, 1994, 180/220; 180/655; 280/288.4
Calls:
| 3773131 |
ELECTRIC
AUTOCYCLE |
Nov 1973 |
| 4280581 |
Motor and
pedal driven bicycles |
Jul 28, 1981 |
| 4346777 |
Motor unit
for bicycles |
Aug 31, 1982 |
| 4559462 |
Dynamo-electric
cycle axle |
Dec 17, 1985 |
| 5272938 |
Flat rim
type motor drive mechanism for bicycles |
Dec 28, 1993 |
5474150 Battery operated wheeled vehicle, Takashi Mabuchi (Yamaha), Dec
12, 1995,
180/220 ; 180/68.5
Calls:
| 572036 |
Wheel with
Electrical Motor Hub for Vehicles
|
Nov 1896 |
| 3800898 |
ELECTRICALLY
POWERED BICYCLE |
Apr 1974 |
| 4346777 |
Motor unit
for bicycles |
Aug 31, 1982 |
| 5199520 |
Wheeled
chair |
Apr 6, 1993 |
| 5207288 |
Scooter
body and front-wheel drive type electromotive scooter |
May 4, 1993 |
| 5272938 |
Flat rim
type motor drive mechanism for bicycles |
Dec 28, 1993 |
| 5341892 |
Motor and
pedal driven bicycle |
Aug 30, 1994 |
| 5366037 |
Powered
wheelchair having drive motors integrated into driven wheels |
Nov 22, 1994 |
Gas (Kit or Puropse Built)
543094 Motor for Bicycles, Nelson S.
Hopkins, Jly 23 1895, 180/205 ; 123/190.4;
123/523; 123/70V; 123/72; 123/90.64
552312 Motor for Bicycles, S.B. Battey, 180/206 ; Dec 131 895,
123/543; 180/219; 180/301; 48/107; 48/144; 60/39.44; 60/39.52
564155 Velocipede, F.T. Millet, Jly 14
1896, 180/205 ; 123/404; 123/44R; 123/90.2
574262 Motor-Vehicle, EDWARD J. PENNINGTON (Motor Cycle Co), Dec 29,
1896, 180/225 ; 123/189; 123/193.1; 123/58.1; 123/86; 180/205
579554 Gas Motor, E.W. Blum, March 23, 1897, 180/229 ; 123/144;
123/195HC; 123/197.1; 123/53.1; 180/205
608968 Gas or Oil Motor for Bicycles, W. Morava, Aug 9, 1898, 180/206
; 123/193.1; 123/434; 123/46SC; 123/68; 123/90.1; 180/165; 280/215
632474 Motor Driven Vehicle, C.T.B. Sangster, Sep 5, 1899, 180/215
; 123/195R; 123/435; 180/206
633484 Internal-combustion Motor for Bicycles, S. N. Pond, Sep 19 1899,
180/221 ; 123/58.2; 180/206 - gas engine kit
PMB purpose made bicycles
LM light motorcycles
Motive Drive Location
IFW inside the front wheel
AFW above the front wheel
Frm between the front and seat frame
tubes
ARW above the rear wheel
FRW front of rear wheel
IRW inside rear wheel
BRW behind rear wheel
Table of Vehicles
Maker
|
Model
|
Description
|
Pwr
|
Type
|
Drv
Loc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cushman
|
|
|
|
|
|
eZee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wizzer
|
all
|
gas engine
ki |
2SG |
BK PMB
|
Frm
|
| Zap |
DX
|
Dual Motor
Kit
|
EM |
BK |
FRW
|
| Zap |
SX
|
Single Motor
Kit
|
EM |
BK
|
FRW
|
Vehicle Manufacturers
Zap -
Uses a dual motor system and a roller to power the tread of
the tire.
patent 5491390
02/13/1996 Electric propulsion system for a bicycle
patent 5671821
09/30/1997 Electric propulsion system for a bicycle
Electric Motorbike Incorporated
(EMB) - Lectra VR24 - 8HP peak, 3 HP continuous - dist. by ZAP with Evercel
Ni-Zn battery
Slipstream Electric
Bicycle
-
Uses 1 HP motor, chain drive to rear wheel and single large
sprocket.
Electric Vehicles Northwest
- electric-human hybrid vehicles dealer
US Pro Drive
Twike US dealer
Zap
Twike - 3
wheel
(1 front, 2 rear - not as stable as 2-front, 1 rear) - TWIKE
Resource Page -
Currie Technologies Inc. makes the US
Pro Drive -
Uses chain drive to rear wheel on side opposite to stock
pedal
derailer drive.
Cushman
703695 Gas Engine, Everett B. Cushman
& Leslie S. Cushman (Cushman Motor Works), Oct 26, 1901,
123/73A
; 123/65A; 123/73V
2-ccyle with valve on side for bicycle
use
721287 Packing for Engines, Leslie S. Cushman & Everett B. Cushman
(Cushman Motor Works), Feb 24, 1903,
277/385 ; 123/73R;
277/397; 384/135; 384/142
736224 Gas Engine, Everett B. Cushman & Leslie S. Cushman (Cushman
Motor Works), Aug 11, 1903,
123/69V ; 123/195R; 123/41.69;
123/65R; 123/65VB; 123/66; 123/73CC; 123/DIG.6
minimizing fresh charge to goes directly to exhaust in 2-stroke engine
794927 Carburetor, Everett B. Cushman & Leslie S. Cushman (Cushman
Motor Works), Jul 18, 1905,
261/51 ; 261/52; 261/58; 261/70
858707 Gas-Engine, Leslie S. Cushman & Everett B. Cushman (not
assigned), Jul 2, 1907,
123/73A ; 123/73V
861438 Carburetor, Everett B. Cushman & Leslie S. Cushman (Cushman
Motor Works), Jul 30, 1907,
261/64.4 ; 137/527; 261/63
1008309 Friction Clutch, Everett B. Cushman (not assigned), Nov 14
1911,
192/93A ; 192/89.21
1099916 Splash Lubricating System, Everett B. Cushman (Cushman Motor
Works), Jun 16 1914,
184/11.2 ; 184/11.1; 184/6.24
1289404 Water-cooler for Engines, Everett B. Cushman (not assigned),
Dec 31, 1918,
123/41.52
1347685 Splash Lubricating System, Everett B. Cushman (not assigned),
Jul 27, 1920,
184/13.1
1369327 Oil-feeder, Everett B. Cushman (Piersen Mfg), Feb 22, 1921,
184/103.2
; 137/435; 137/437; 137/453
1375748 Automatic Oil-feed, Everett B. Cushman (Piersen Mfg), Apr 26,
1921,
184/103.2 - crankcase
1391668 Clutch, Everett B. Cushman (Piersen Mfg), Sep 27 1921,
192/70.27
; 192/89.27
1417037 Radiator, Everett B. Cushman (Piersen Mfg), May 23 1922,
165/86
; 123/41.44; 165/125; 165/92; 165/DIG.147
1630527 Internal-combustion Engine, Everett B. Cushman (not assigned),
May 31, 1927,
123/286 ; 123/263; 123/265; 123/41.72
2274043 Motorized Bicycle, Leslie S. Cushman (not assigned), Feb 24,
1942,
180/221 ; 180/205 -
2429153 Centrifugal Clutch, Charles D. Ammon (Cushman Motor Works), Oct
14 1947,
192/105CD ; 180/219; 192/109R; 74/333
Calls:
2230293 Transmission, F. W. Harris (Patco), Feb 4 1941,
474/70
; 192/105BA; 192/48.4; 74/336R; 74/368
Two speed auto transmission, allows
push start and ideling, probably for scooter
2286461 Clutch for Motor Vehicles, Brace Bums (Salsbury), Jun 16, 1942,
192/105R - for motor scooters
2556512 Variable Ratio Drive Mechanism, Charles D. Ammon (Cushman Motor
Works), Jun 12 1951,
474/14 -
2601342 Mounting for
Internal-combustion Engines, A. Starts (Camfield), Jun 24 1952, 180/222
; 15/88.3; 477/34
i-Bike -
central motor drives rear wheel via huge pully with belt.
eBikes - by Lee Iaccoca
Motor is inside a special rear hub. $995 to $1295
Electric Transportation Company
(etc)
-
Has a saddlebag looking product that fits over a tire to
add
a motor and battery to a bike.
EV Rider - Two and Three-Wheeled
Electric Scooters - BatteryBikes
on line sotre
Righton
KM Corporation - Keelung, Taiwan
BiKit -
Uses 2 motors driving the side walls of the tire, not the
tread.
Charger Electric Bicycles -
partnership
between GT bicycles
& AeroVironment -
electric power is provided proportional to the riders input
and can be set from 1/2 to 4 times assist.
Uses a second chain driving the rear wheel.
Suppo -
Drive motor in rear hub, foldable models
Dimension EDGE - also complete
bikes
at Detour Bicycles -
Skeeter! EV - Mike's E-Bikes, 2270 Yale St., Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA
http://members.aol.com/TailwindEV/
- A Tailwind(tm) Electric Scooterbike is a hybrid
human-powered/electric-powered
around-town scooter with aerodynamic streamlining. Today's version
achieves
five times the range of other "electric bicycles" and achieves
comparable
daily "City Miles" to other 4-wheeled electric vehicles (while costing
ten times less than those overpriced vehicles). Future versions will
achieve
over 100 miles at 25 mph per charge *without* reliance on expensive and
high-tech batteries/motors.
Mike's Electric Bikes of Palo Alto
Mike Saari
2270 Yale Street
Palo Alto, CA 94306
415-493-7633
Propulsors
-
Just prior to W.W. II an add on gas engine kit was developed
that could be added to a common balloon tire bicycle
and the company name was Wizzer. A large diameter pulley is
fitted to the rear wheel spokes giving the Wizzer a distinctive look.
Their demise may have been caused by patent infringement with the
Schwinn frame or because of the introduction of light weight
motorcycles. Now made in Taiwan.
Big Kid Toys - sells the Wizzer
and other interesting vehicles
Simpson Motor Bikes -
sells a number of engine kits (improperly called motor kits).
They had patents:
2173956 Motor Powered Bicycle, Bruce Roberts (Breene-Taylor
Engineering), Sep 26 1939, 180/205 ; 123/195R; 180/221; 180/342
2259983 Internal Combustion Motor, A.A. Anderson (Breene-Taylor
Engineering), Oct 21 1941, 123/182.1 ; 123/41.86
2543991 Spring Fork Mechanism, Henry A. Schuricht (Wizzer Motor Co),
Mar 6 1951, 280/276 -
2549135 Alternating Current Generator, Floyd A. Sherman (Wizzer Motor
Co), Apr 17, 1951, 310/156.42 -
500 to 3,000 RPM output is
between 6.0 and 7.2 Volts
References:
578280 Dynamo Electric Machine and Electric Motor, CHARLES P.
TURNER, Mar 2, 1897,
310/254 ; 310/218 -
twin coil type field magnet with pure
iron facing
1137544 Tone Producing Means, Severy, Apr 27 1915,
84/19 ;
310/111; 310/155; 310/191 - musicaltone generator using disks with
various shapes
1904308 Magneto, KENNETH A. HARMON (WICO ELEC), Apr 18, 1933,
310/153
; 123/634; 310/155 -
1977600 Electromagnetic Pole, Anthony Winther, Oct 16 1934,
310/105
; 310/218 - Eddy current electric clutch
2071573 Ignition System, Randolph (GM corp), Feb 23 1937,
123/599 ; 310/156.25;
310/156.42; 310/68D; 315/177; 315/206; 315/208; 315/212; 315/218;
315/241R; 315/246; 315/302
uses vacuum tube
2081800 Magneto-Electric Generator, Le Roy S. Dunham (Edison-Splitdorf
corp), May 25, 1937,
310/156.51 ; 310/156.11; 310/261 -
2104707 Electric Generator, William Rawlings, Jan 4 1938,
310/66
; 310/156.18; 310/156.26; 310/67A; 310/67R -
hub mounted PM generator for cycle
2213724 Magneto Rotor, Edward A. Vogel (Fair-banks Morse & co), Sep
3 1940,
310/156.23 ; 310/156.14; 310/42 - PM mounting
2248030 Motion Transmitting Mechanism, Zwack, July 1, 1941,
310/104
; 310/97; 417/420; 73/861.75 - magnetically coupled
2489517 Magnetoelectric Machines, William Brown, Nov 29, 1949,
310/75C
; 310/90
small generator driven from cycle tire
multiple tubes for a stronger frame -
looks very much like the Schwinn 2151533
References:
2151533 Bicycle Frame, Frank W. Schwinn, Mar 21 1939,
280/281.1
; D12/111
novel and graceful construction
2250805 Bicycle, George Lewiaski (Hettrick Mfg), Jul 29 1941,
280/288
- oval with no internal brace.
2280801 Bicycle Construction, awrence E. Dempsey (Sears Roebuck &
Co), Apr 28, 1942,
280/284 -
a counter shaft has two pulleys on a
common shaft. Moving the shaft closer to the engine allows belt
slip. Not really a variable drive but just slip.
References:
355555 Pulley, Radford, Jan 4 1887, 474/182 ; 474/903 -
made from two spun or spamped sheetmetal disks
718084 Generating Alternating Currents, CHARLES S. BRADLEY (GE),
729197 Motor Cycle Gear, EUGENE MATHIEU, May 26 1903, 474/89
; 180/205; 180/231 - chain drive that can be disengaged
833979 Shafting, HENRY K. SANDELL (MILLS
NOVELTY CO), Oct 23, 1906, 474/89 ; 112/270 - idler pulley
system
1978526 Driving Mechanism, Eppler (United Shoe Machinery corp), Oct 30
1934, 474/89 ; 15/390 - over center idler pulley
2047362 Pulley Belt Control Device, Ernest Dunford (Landis
Machine Co), Jul 14, 1936, 474/133 - V belt idler - disconnector
2156701 Belt Drive Mechanism, Thorvald Peterson (R F Wright), May 2,
1939, 474/114 ; 298/35R; 474/140 - electric motor on hinged
plate
2630348 Driving Pulley, Henry A. Schuricht (Wizzer Motor Co), Mar 3
1953, 301/6.5 ; 474/174; 74/15
Improved large pully for attachment to
rear wheel spokes that's centered and stays centered.
References:
718094 Wheel for Motor Cycles, A. Clement, Jan 13 1903,
301/6.5
; 301/55 - large pulley on rear wheel clamps to spokes and has it's own
spoke to rim.
1062905 Screw-Spikes, Gadd, May 1913 - for holding railroad rails
1186224 Metal Vehicle Wheel, T.E. Murray, Jun 6 1916,
301/6.7 ;
188/218R - includes brake drum
1355505 Wheel Construction, JOHN KIISK, Oct 12, 1920,
301/6.7 ;
301/104 - matal bands instead of spokes & brake drum
1561180 Attaching Means for use on Wire Spoke Wheels, JOSEPH F. MERKEL
(GRS Products), Nov 10, 1925,
74/432 ; 301/6.7 -
large pulley on rear wheel attached
only to spokes.
1618074 Pulley, ARTHUE M. PLORY, Feb 15, 1927,
74/15 ;
301/40.5; 301/6.7; 474/47 - mounts to wood spoked wheel
References:
1360165 Method for Making Commutators, CHARLES C. ZENK (Diehl Mfg), Nov
23, 1920, 264/261 ; 264/277; 29/597; 310/235 -
1360166 Method for Making Commutators, CHARLES C. ZENK (Diehl Mfg), Nov
23, 1920,
1898929 Commutator and Method of Making it, V.G. Apple, Feb 21 1933, 310/235
; 264/272.2; 29/597
1991046 ROCESS FOB MAKING MAGNETO ROTORS,
Jakob Bohli, Feb 12, 1935, 310/156.51 ; 29/598; 310/156.23;
310/42
2468146 Cigarette Lighter, Vissing, Apr 26, 1949, 219/268 ;
310/69; 310/75A - small electric generator heats wire
2475776 ROTOR FOR DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES, Maurice
W. Brainard, Jan 12 1947, 310/156.76 ; 310/269 - PM type
2516901 ROTOR FOR DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINES,
Wayne J. Morrill, Aug 1 1950, 310/156.18
2678221 Bumper Attached Hitch for Towing, Dietrich Kohlsaat (Wizzer
Motor Co), May 11, 1954, 280/292 ; 280/505 - PM type
References:
1949962
2280734
2329525
2448436
2468894
2499750
2980121 Device for Storing, Treating and Transferring Parts, Henry A.
Schuricht (Wizzer Motor Co), Apr 18 1961, 134/83 ;
134/107; 134/123; 134/132; 134/133; 134/153; 134/154; 198/778 -
production line automation
Honda -
Yamaha
PAS (Power Assisted Peadling) - ikley
-
Uses speed and torque sensors to only apply power when the
rider is peadling.
Sanyo -
Panasonic -
Suzuki -
These are a step up, they are
classified as motorcycles. The idea is to have the stability of a
4 wheel vehicle but keep the overhead costs down in the motorcycle area.
EV World - electric
bicycle shop - Bicycle
Comparison Chart -
Electric Vehicle
Internet Resources -
Moped News - Moped
Web Ring -
Electric Vehicles Northwest
-
EV Global Motors -
www.electric-bikes.com
- Electric Trikes
and
Tricycles (adult three-wheelers) - Survey
of Electric Bikes and Power Systems -
Workbikes and
Pedicabs -
workbike.org - bicycles used
for work
Neighborhood Electric Vehicle Company
- gizmo - looks like the Messerschmitt
3-wheel bubble car, except backwards!
Human Powered Vehicle Association
-
Tricycles - stable
2-whels in front, 1-wheel in back
Inspired Cycle Engineering
(ICE)- stable 2-whels in front, 1-wheel in back , including a
tandem
model
r h o a d e s
c a r - 4 wheel cycles
Quadracycle -
Byke Kar -
Tipke - Pedicabs = Rickshaws
Kango - electric go
carts -
A2Marketing - Supplying
Electric Bikes to the South Coast of England
Patent Classes
123 Internal Combustion Engines
180 Motor Vehicles
205 With mechanism of occupant-powered
type for developing torque for supplementing, alternating with, or
replacing torque of motor
310 Electric Motor or Generator Structure
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