Faradic Instruments

Voltamp (Wiki)must have made quite a number of the Faradic Medical Instruments since they show up a lot on eBay. Sears & Roebuck Co. and Montrogmery Wards Co. carried these or another brand in their catalogs. The common configuration is a wooden box that would hold 1, 2 or 3 No. 6 dry cells along with the induction coil and some wire leads with applicators for the body like metal cylinderes, plates or sponges. The Voltamp product introduced in 1901 is called a "Portable Electric Battery".

This company made model trains from 1903 to 1922 then sold that product line to Boucher Mfg Co (Wiki).
The small electric motor patents probably relate to the toy train products?
There were a number of different models of the Voltamp Portable Electric Battery where the models were numbered from No. 1.

No. 0 ?

I call it No. 0 since it clearly predates the No. 1 below. It does not have the brass or copper tube as part of the coil to regulate the secondary voltage so predates the 620027 Induction Coil patent issued, Feb 21,1899 (filed Dec 7, 1898. It's more than just a breadboard but does not include a box. The wiring method of using slots in the bottom of the board is identical to the No. 1 below (see Fig 2 and Fig 4 above)
There is a post anchored to the base board to hold the armature - spring - weight but in the No. 1 the post has been replaced by a bracket on the end of the coil. That would allow testing the coil prior to mounting it on the top board.


Right terminals are for battery	Left terminals are for battery VOLTAMP in lower right

This may have been a part of a boxed unit. A recent eBay add for a "Unusual Early Wet Battery Galvano-Faradic Quack Machine" has this descriptive text:

A great, early, walnut case (7 3/4 X 8 1/4 X 6 inches wide closed), quack medical machine made by the Galvano Faradic Mfg Co of New York. It originally had a wet battery in the case, now missing, for its power. It has its 2 hand electrodes but is missing the wires. Still, few of these could have survived, the wet cell battery is easy to spill and the acid would have eventually destroyed the machine. There is a little minor staining on the bottom of the case (from the acid) otherwise what is left is in great condition.

This coil contains the Fuld (Voltamp) patented sliding sleeve to control the strength of the output.

There is a board about this size that can be removed from the box (along with the battery selector switch board of similar size) to allow access to the wet battery.

No. 1

The label mentions the following patents by date:
D29977 Design for a Current Regulator Case, , Manes E. Fuld, Jan 10, 1899, D13/125 ; D8/DIG.2 - potentiometer for use with medical equipment
620027 Induction Coil, Manes E. Fuld, Feb 21,1899, 336/75 ; 336/196; 336/213; 336/219
627917 Dry Cell, Manes E. Fuld, June 27, 1899, 429/134 ; 429/171; 429/65
and shows a hand written serial number of 5375.

Included with this unit was a copy of "Electro-Medical Guide, formerly "Faradic Hints", ninth edition of 100,000. This 48 page booklet features the No. 6 "Majestic" on the rear cover. copyright 1916.

The top board and all the accessory electrodes have sockets that accept standard phone Tip pins. The wooden handled electrodes and the top board have tapered holes and the metal plate has the socket formed by a stamping operation.

Testing with a 1.5 volt "F" cell it does not run, but with two series cells ( 3 volts) it runs well. It may have been designed to run on a Voltamp brand 3 volt battery? If you know please tell me.

10 May 2008 - When two series connected "D" cells are used and the vibrator screw adjusted for loudest sound the frequency is around 800 Hz and the duty cycle around 80%. If the screw is backed out the frequency goes down along with the duty cycle. Around 300 Hz the duty cycle is near 50%. If at the 50% setting a 1.5 Volt battery is connected the vibrator does not self start, but if you flick the armature it will keep running.

No. 2

No. 3

No. 4

No. 5

No. 6 Voltamp Medical Battery No. 6 "Majestic"

The large metal cylinder is a Voltamp brand 3 Volt dry cell battery.
Guess: the large shiny cylinder is a battery similar to the No. 6 except it has a rectangular metal post in the top center with a screw for making electrical connection. You can see the screw and a slotted metal contact in the photo below.

No. 7

Except for the "No. 7" on the label, this looks identical to the No. 1.
If you know the difference please tell me.

No. 8

No. 9

No. 10

No. 11

No. 12

Quackery Still Going On

Astrology (Wiki) -

belief which holds that the relative positions of celestial bodies and related details can provide information about personality, human affairs, and other terrestrial matters

Attachment therapy (Wiki) -

children's problems are ascribed to an inability to attach to their new parents because of suppressed rage due to past maltreatment and abandonment

Aura (paranormal) (Wiki) -

a field of subtle, luminous radiation supposedly surrounding a person or object that some people are claimed to be capable of observing by means of their third eye

Bales Scientific Infrared Scanner & Bales Scientific’s Photonic Stimulator -

these were taken off the market in March of 2000 after the FDA sent them a letter.

Bates method for better eyesight (Wiki) -

centered around visualization and movement to remove "strain" that caused problems

Bermuda Triangle (Wiki) -

a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean in which a number of aircraft and surface vessels are alleged to have disappeared in mysterious circumstances

Biorhythms (Wiki) -

a hypothetical cycle in physiological, emotional, or intellectual well-being or prowess

Bloodletting (Wiki) -

For about 2000 years, ending about the time that it killed George Washington, it was a common medical procedure. They did not know about the circulation of blood but instead thought it was just in different parts of the body and had gone bad, hence the need to remove it.

The book Trick or Treatment ( @Amazon ) has quite a discussion of bloodletting.

CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) (Wiki)

"...is any healing practice "that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine": Acupuncture · Anthroposophic medicine · Ayurveda · Chiropractic · Herbalism · Homeopathy · Naturopathy · Siddha medicine · Traditional medicine (Chinese · Mongolian · Tibetan) · Unani; Whole medical systems · Mind-body interventions · Biologically based therapies · Manipulative therapy · Energy therapies

Channeling aka Mediumship (Wiki) -

...is the claimed ability of a person (the medium) to experience contact with spirits of the dead, angels, demons or other immaterial entities

Characterology (Wiki) -

character reading combining revised physiognomy, reconstructed phrenology and amplified pathognomy, with ethnology, sociology and anthropology

Chakra (Wiki) -

Seven major chakras or energy centers (also understood as wheels of light) are generally believed to exist, located within the subtle body
See my Singing Bowl web page

Chelation therapy (Wiki)

Although this is a valid medical method of removing heavy metals, when used in alternative medicine for removing calcium or toxins it's a bogus idea.

Chiropractic (Wiki) - B. J. Palmer

diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, under the hypothesis that these disorders affect general health via the nervous system. No real evidence has ever been presented showing that a given chiropractic treatment alters the position of any vertebrae.
Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine (2009) by Simon Singh - chapter on chiropractic scientific testing
Why we sued Simon Singh (BC: and lost): the British Chiropractic Association speaks -

Chromotherapy (Color therapy) (Wiki) -

a therapist trained in chromotherapy can use color and light to balance energy wherever a person's body be lacking, be it physical, emotional, spiritual, or mental.
The name Darius Dinshah appears in relation to this topic, but he has no Wiki page.

Clairvoyance (Wiki)

the ability to gain information about an object, person, location or physical event through means other than the known human senses
See the movie Suspect Zero (IMDB)

Colloidal Silver (Wiki) -

Silver is not an essential mineral in humans; there is no dietary requirement for silver, and no such thing as a silver "deficiency".

Colon cleansing (Wiki) - colonic irrigation

intended to remove fecal waste and unidentified toxins from the colon and intestinal tract

Color Light Therapy - see Chromotherapy above.
Copper healing (Wiki) -

treatment of adverse health and beauty conditions through continued exposure to copper

Craniosacral therapy (Wiki) -

session involves the therapist placing their hands on the patient, which they say allows them to tune into what they call the craniosacral system

Creation science (Wiki) -

movement within creationism which attempts to provide support for the religious Genesis account of creation, and disprove accepted scientific facts
Idiot America by Charles P. Pierce ( @Amazon ) has some interesting information on this topic.

Cryptobotany (Wiki) -

study of various exotic plants which are not believed to exist by the scientific community, but which exist in myth, literature or unsubstantiated reports

Cryptomechanics (Wiki) -

search for machines which are considered to be legendary

Crystal Ball (Wiki)

as an aid clairvoyance

Crystal healing (Wiki) -

employs stones and crystals as healing tools

Cupping, Fire (Wiki) -

placing cups containing reduced air pressure (suction) on the skin. It is known in local languages as badkesh, bahnkes, bekam, buhang, bentusa, kuyukaku, gak hoi, hijama, and many other names.

Detoxification foot pads (Wiki) )

- allegedly pull toxins from the body through the bottom of the feet. (there is no mechanism to get rid of toxins through the skin.)

Detoxification foot wash (Wiki) - same idea as the foot pads - see ad <- if this link is broken they have taken down the ad

Detoxifying foot bath quackery - Build your own

Dianetics (Wiki) -

a set of ideas and practices regarding the metaphysical relationship between the mind and body that were developed by science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard

Diapulse (aka Magnatherm, )- operate at about 27 MHz

FDA - Warning letter Aug 4, 1999, See: Diathermy (the name Diapulse seems to have been choosen so that it starts with the same letters as Diathermy.)
High-frequency pulsed electromagnetic energy in tinnitus treatment.-
CONCLUSION: High-frequency pulsed electromagnetic energy (Diapulse) at the settings used in the study showed no role in the therapy of patients with chronic tinnitus.

Diathermy (Wiki) - (FDA)

These RF generators operated at about 27 MHz (one of the ISM bands (Wiki)). They were banned by the FDA for medical cures.
FDA: "It is the opinion of FDA and the consensus of experts that pulsing the output of r.f. diathermy (as opposed to continuous wave) produces no extra beneficial therapeutic effects. Any physiological responses produced by pulsed r.f. diathermy are attributable to heat produced by the average power output. (see: Diapluse)

Dirty Electricity (no Wiki)

Claims that signals on the power lines in the frequency range up to 100 kHz causes all kinds of problems. No scientific studies are provided, but you can buy: a Graham-Stetzer filter, Graham-Stetzer meter or book about it. Note there is no Wiki for Graham-Stetzer, i.e. there's no such a thing. The filter just plugs into an electrical outlet, it's not of the type with an input and output, so will not even do what's claimed.

Divination (Wiki) -

the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of a standardized process or ritual.

Donnelly, Ignatius L. (Wiki) -

wrote Atlantis: The Antediluvian World (Wiki) and started pseudo science

Dowsing -

Pendula for Divination (Wiki) - a practice that attempts to locate hidden water wells, buried metals or ores, without the use of scientific apparatus

E-Meter (Wiki) - Mathison Electropsychometer

Used by Scientology
2799269 Electropsychometer or Bioelectric Instrument, Volney Mathison, Jul 16 1957, 600/547- Vacuum tubes
2684670 Electropsychometer or Bioelectric Instrument, Volney Mathison, Jul 27 1954, 600/547 - Vacuum tubes
2810383 Electropsychometer or Bioelectric Instrument, Volney Mathison, Oct 22 1957, 600/547- Vacuum tubes

Ear candling (Wiki) -

improve general health and well-being by lighting one end of a hollow candle and placing the other end in the ear canal.

Electric Band (Wiki)

636881 Electric Band, J.M. Wolkosky, Nov 14 1899, 607/149 - made from copper and zinc. "benefical results have been derived, and cases of neuraligia in all it's forms, nervous prostration, hysteria, nervous echaustion, nervous headache, lumbage, sciatica, rheumatic fever and muscular rheumatism have been cured by the use of..."

Electrohomeopathy (Wiki) -

the use of electrical devices in conjunction with homeopathy

Electronic voice phenomenon (Wiki) -

electronically captured sounds that resemble speech, but are not the result of intentional voice recordings

Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity (EHS) (Wiki) -

people claim to experience medical symptoms that they believe are caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) (Wiki) -

is the elicitation of muscle contraction using electric impulses. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) certifies and releases EMS devices into two broad categories: over-the counter devices (OTC), and prescription devices. OTC devices are marketable only for muscle toning; prescription devices can only be purchased with a medical prescription for therapy (also see TENS)

Erich Von Däniken (Wiki) -

author of Chariots of the Gods?

Eugenics (Wiki) -

discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects a core tenet of some of the policies behind Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime

Extra-sensory perception ESP (Wiki) -

involves reception of information not gained through the recognized senses and not inferred from previous experience

Extraterrestrial hypothesis (Wiki) -

that some (UFOs are best explained as being extraterrestrial life or space aliens from other planets visiting Earth

Faith healing (Wiki) -

religious belief ("faith") can bring about healing

Faradic -

this web page

Feng Shui (Wiki) -

Two types:
1) Traditional - based on compass and common sense
2) modern (Tantric, black sect (Wiki)) based on front door direction - no basis

Fortune-telling (Wiki) -

the practice of predicting the future, usually of an individual, through mystical or supernatural means for money

FD-47 Fuel Doctor (official web page) - Offered in the Heartland america Oct 2010 flyer

Was: $79.99 Now only: $49.99. Plugs into cigarette lighter and "stabalizes" you electrical system to improve gas milage. "approved by Certified EPA Test Facility, Installis in seconds, Patent Pending (no pending patent with phrase "fuel doctor").

Geomancy (Wiki) -

a method of divination that interprets markings on the ground or the patterns formed by tossed handfuls of soil, rocks, or sand

Georges Lakhovsky Multiple Wave Oscillator (Wiki)

author of a book "The Secret of Life: Electricity, Radiation and Your Body" (French) in which he claimed and attempted to demonstrate that good or bad health was determined by the relative health of these cellular oscillations, and bacteria, cancers, and other pathogens corrupted them, causing interference with these oscillations
1962565 Apparatus with Circuits Oscillating under Multiple Wave Lengths, Georges Lakhovsky,Jun 12 1934 343/856 ; 333/220; 343/700R; 343/865; 343/890; 343/896; 343/899 - this is prior to the 1936 FDA ruling on quack medical devices.
2351055 Tube for Producing Multiple Wave Lengths, G. Lakhovsky, Jun 13 1944, 315/53 ; 313/256; 313/301; 313/567; 315/34; 315/40; 315/54; 315/57; 315/58; 336/105; 336/170; 336/174; 336/182; 336/208; 336/92; 343/701; 343/872; 343/895
2656839 Electrotherapeutic Oscillator, Clarence B. Howard, Oct 27 1953, 331/60 ; 331/96; 336/170; 336/186; 336/196; 343/720; 343/744; 343/745; 343/895; 343/899; 600/13; 607/101
6217604 Method for treating diseased states, Larry Azure, James David Girard, Apr 17, 2001, 607/88 ; 600/14; 607/1 -

Gerson Therapy (Wiki) -

an alternative dietary therapy which claimed it could cure cancer and most chronic, degenerative diseases

Ghost hunting (Wiki) -

the process of investigating locations said to be haunted by ghosts

Ginkgo (Wiki) - NCCAM

"When taken following the manufacturer's instructions, ginkgo provides no measurable benefit in memory or related cognitive function to adults with healthy cognitive function."

Graphology (Wiki) -

the study and analysis of handwriting especially in relation to human psychology

Graston Technique (Wiki)

... is a modification of traditional hands-on soft tissue mobilization that uses specifically designed instruments to allow the therapist to introduce a controlled amount of microtrauma into an area of excessive scar and/or soft tissue fibrosis, hoping that this will invoke an inflammatory response that will augment the healing process.
The Graston Technique – Inducing Microtrauma with Instruments

HAARP (Wiki, Official web page)

High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program - a basis of many conspiracy theories (Wiki)

Healing Water (Subtle Energy) (Wiki)

Total BS.

Herbalism (Wiki) - NNCAM

folk medicine practice based on the use of plants and plant extracts
For those that I looked at on the NNCAM web page they have been shown to have either no effect as claimed or inconclusive test results.

Heroic Medicine (Wiki)

"During the "Age of Heroic Medicine" (1780–1850),^[3] educated professional physicians aggressively practiced "heroic medicine," including bloodletting (venesection), intestinal purging (calomel), vomiting (tartar emetic), profuse sweating (diaphoretics) and blistering, stressing already weakened bodies

Hieronymus machine (Wiki) -

machines which allegedly worked by analogy or symbolism, being directed by psi or ESP powers. patent 2482773

Homeopathy (Wiki) -

treats patients with heavily diluted preparations which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented
Note that Homeopathy was developed in 1796 long before Avogadros number (Wiki) was known as of 1865.

Hongcheng Magic Liquid (Wiki) -

could turn regular water into a fuel as flammable as petrol by simply dissolving a few drops of his liquid

Horoscope (Wiki) -

In astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, the astrological aspects, and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as the moment of a person's birth.

Human enhancement (Wiki) -

any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means

Hutchison effect (Wiki) -

Hutchison claims to have discovered a number of unusual phenomena, while trying to duplicate experiments done by Nikola Tesla.

Hypnosis (Wiki) - Hypnotherapy

Hypnosis is a mental state (state theory) or set of attitudes and beliefs (non-state theory) usually induced by a procedure known as a hypnotic induction, which is commonly composed of a long series of preliminary instructions and suggestions. Many of the claims are bunk.

a divination system comparable to Western geomancy or the West African Ifá system

Innate intelligence (Wiki) -

a chiropractic term to describe the organizing properties of living things.

Institute of Noetic Sciences (Wiki) -

bibliography on the physical and psychological effects of meditation, a spontaneous remission bibliography, and studies on the efficacy of compassionate intention on healing in AIDS patients. The institute has also conducted a number of parapsychological studies into extra-sensory perception, lucid dreaming, and presentiment

Intelligent design (Wiki) -

Proposed by William Paley in the early 1800s. Paley inspired Darwin and Richard Dawkins to write books explaing how he got it all wrong. See my Atheist web page.

Ionized bracelet (Wiki) -

a type of metal jewelry purported to affect the chi of the wearer

Iridology (Wiki) -

an alternative medicine technique whose proponents believe that patterns, colors, and other characteristics of the iris can be examined to determine information about a patient's systemic health.

James Randi (Wiki) -

best known as a challenger of paranormal claims and pseudoscience. http://www.randi.org

Japhetic theory (Wiki) -

a term used to describe a linguistic theory developed by the Soviet linguist Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr (1864–1934). In linguistics it can be compared to Lysenkoism in biology: a theory that was promoted and supported for ideological rather than scientific reasons, because it was thought to represent "proletarian science" as opposed to "bourgeois science."

Jenny McCarthy (Wiki) -

claims that vaccines cause autism and that chelation therapy is effective against autism. A very destructive person.

Kangen Water

Water that's treated (using a very expensive machine) that's supposed to have curative properties. There is a factory web page with certificates, but none of them has to do with technical subjects, instead they are things like a trademark, etc. There is nothing on the FDA web page for either Kangen or Enagic

Klee Irwin (Wiki) -

claims herbal and nutrient based solutions can help with prostate health, menopause, sexual dysfunction, disease prevention, heart health, joint pain, digestive health and many other conditions.

Kinesiology (Wiki) -

While there are valid needs to study human movement, many of the practioners are making unverified claims.

Kirlian Photography (Wiki) -

The Kirlian technique is contact photography, in which the subject is in direct contact with a film placed upon a metal plate charged with high voltage, high frequency electricity.

Kronos: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Synthesis (Wiki)

published articles on a wide range of subjects as diverse as ancient history, catastrophism and mythology.

Laundry ball (Wiki) -

a product that is promoted as an alternative to cleaning garments with laundry detergent, and are also known as laundry detergent alternatives. Some products in this category have been sold by participants in multilevel marketing programs

Laying on of hands (Wiki) -

practice is used as both a symbolic and formal method of invoking the Holy Spirit during baptisms, healing services, blessings, and ordination of priests, ministers, elders, deacons, and other church officers, along with a variety of other church sacraments and holy ceremonies as well as for medical use.
also see Therapeutic touch

Leuchter report (Wiki) -

For the defense in the trial of Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel, Leuchter compiled the report in 1988

Levitation (Wiki) -

Although there are a number of valid scientific types of levitation, there are also "spiritual" levation frauds.

Lipid therapy (Wiki) -

a controversial medical technique that entails the injection and expulsion of fats and lipids, which proponents claim can improve cognitive and memory function

Lunaception (Wiki) -

a practice that purports to enable a woman to know ahead of time when she will be fertile each month, based on practices found in many non-urban cultures

Lysenkoism (Wiki) -

used colloquially to describe the manipulation or distortion of the scientific process as a way to reach a predetermined conclusion as dictated by an ideological bias, often related to social or political objectives.

Magnet therapy (Wiki) -

an alternative medicine practice involving the use of static magnetic fields.

Magnetic treatment - water (Wiki), gasoline, etc-

a proposed method of reducing the effects of hard water, as an alternative to water softening, or improving gas milage, etc.

Maharishi Vedic (Wiki) -

an alternative medicine whose purpose is to provide a complementary system to modern, western medicine, and that aims to restore balance in the physiology, eliminate toxins and impurities, and awaken the body's natural healing mechanisms

Manatee of Helena (Wiki) -

a cryptid believed to have once inhabited the coast of St. Helena

Marcello Truzzi (Wiki) -

credited with originating the oft-used phrase "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof."

Mayanism (Wiki) -

non-codified eclectic collection of New Age beliefs, influenced in part by Pre-Columbian Maya mythology - 21 Dec 2012

Melanin theory (Wiki) -

posits the inherent superiority of black people and the essential inhumanity and inferiority of white people

Mental Telepathy (Wiki)

"... is the induction of mental states from one mind to another . . .has never been demonstrated to a greater degree than pure chance under controlled experimental conditions."

Meridians (Chinese medicine) (Wiki) -

According to these practices, there are channels along which the energy or qi of the psychophysical system is considered to flow.

Mirzakarim Norbekov (Wiki) -

belief that patients should take an active role in curing their illnesses

Motionless electromagnetic generator (MEG) (Wiki) aka Scalar Waves -

"...a proposed device which is most notable for claims of over-unity operation, a feat which would violate the first law of thermodynamics. Allegedly, the device can eventually sustain its operation in addition to powering a load without application of external electrical power, by extraction of vacuum energy from the immediate environment."
Patent 6362718 Motionless electromagnetic generator, Thomas E. Bearden, Stephen L. Patrick, James C. Hayes, James L. Kenny, and Kenneth D. Moore

Multi Level Marketing ((Wiki) -

compensating promoters of company products not only for sales they personally generate, but also for the sales of other promoters they introduce to the company, creating a downline of distributors and a hierarchy of multiple levels of compensation in the form of a pyramid.

Multiple Wave Oscillator - see
MonaVie (Wiki) -

I've seen a lot of pickup trucks with signs on them for this expensive fruit juice and just based on that guessed it's a MLM (Wiki).

Mucoid plaque (Wiki) -

a term used by some alternative medicine advocates to describe a combination of allegedly harmful mucus-like material and food residue that they say coats the gastrointestinal tract of most people

Nambudripad Allergy Elimination Technique (Wiki) -

NAET draws on ideas from acupuncture, applied kinesiology, and allergy medicine.

Naturopathy (Wiki)

focuses on natural remedies and the body's vital ability to heal and maintain itself.

Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO) (Wiki) -

the practice of recommending the extraction of endodontically treated teeth for the prevention of NICO, or any other disease, is unethical and should be reported immediately to the appropriate state board of dentistry.

New Age spirituality (Wiki) -

includes aspects of Occultism, astrology, esotericism, metaphysics, alternative medicine, music, collectivism, sustainability, and nature.

Nucleonic energy (Wiki) -

is energy obtained from the angular momentum of the nucleons (protons and neutrons) within an atomic nucleus. Whereas gravity dictates that the spin axes of nucleons are oriented towards the center of Earth, nucleonic energy allows for the axes to be reversed, or directed in any desired direction, in order to produce all forms of motion. This allows the Magnus effect to take effect on the nucleon, and presumedly cause levitation.

Numerology (Wiki) -

any of many systems, traditions or beliefs in a mystical or esoteric relationship between numbers and physical objects or living things

Neurocalometer (see Chiropractic) -

A thermocouple temperature sensor which sold for more than the price of a house

Oberon (device) (Wiki) -

Claims to diagnose organs by using headphones and electrodes

Occultism (Wiki)

can involve such subjects as magic (alternatively spelled and defined as magick), alchemy, extra-sensory perception, astrology, spiritualism, lithomancy, and numerology

Orgone energy (Wiki) -

a massless, omnipresent substance, similar to luminiferous aether, but more closely associated with vital, living energy than inert matter

Orthomolecular medicine (Wiki) -

a form of complementary and alternative medicine that seeks to prevent or treat diseases, with a goal of attaining optimal health, using nutrients prescribed as dietary supplements or derived from diets

Oscillococcinum (Wiki) -

a homeopathic alternative medicine marketed to relieve influenza-like symptoms

Ousiograph (Wiki) -

a fictitious device purported to detect messages that are sent directly to one's brain to "direct them" and possibly control their behavior for an undetermined purpose

Over Unity (Wiki) aka Perpetual motion -

a machine that produces more energy than it consumes, i.e. a free energy device

Paranormal (Wiki) -

a general term that designates experiences that lie outside "the range of normal experience or scientific explanation" or that indicates phenomena that are understood to be outside of science's current ability to explain or measure

Past Life (Wiki) -

see: Reincarnation

Patrick Flanagan (Wiki) -

has promoted piramid power, the Neurophone an electronic nervous system excitation device that transmits sound through the skin directly to the brain

Perpetual motion (Wiki) -

a machine that can run without external power input (at unity)

Phrenology (Wiki) -

a hypothesis stating that the personality traits of a person can be derived from the shape of the skull.

Physiognomy (Wiki) -

the assessment of a person's character or personality from their outer appearance, especially the face

Physioscan (Wiki) -

system makes use of electromagnetic radiation to provide a rapid analysis of the energy in the body's organs and tissues

Piramid Power (Wiki) -

alleged supernatural or paranormal properties of the ancient Egyptian pyramids and objects of similar shape

Poltergeist (Wiki) -

denotes an ostensibly paranormal phenomenon attributed to the presence of an invisible entity that manifests itself by creating noise or moving objects

Polygraph (lie detector) (Wiki) -

an instrument that measures and records several physiological indices such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, breathing rhythms/ratios, and skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions, in the belief that deceptive answers will produce physiological responses that can be differentiated from those associated with non-deceptive answers.

Ponzi scheme (Wiki) -

a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to separate investors from their own money or money paid by subsequent investors, rather than from any actual profit earned. For example see Social Security System (Wiki) where the benefits are from subsequent employees.

Power therapies (Wiki) -

a term coined by professor Charles Figley, Florida State University Traumatology Institute, to group several novel treatments of post traumatic stress. Figley aimed identify the "active ingredients" of these therapies — EMDR, TFT, EFT, VK/D, and TIR.

Prayer (Wiki) -

a form of religious practice that seeks to activate a volitional connection to some greater power in the universe through deliberate practice
As evidence for the efficacy of prayer (Wiki) is was reffered to the book: "Healing Words The Power of Prayer and the Practice of Medicine by Larry Dossey.

Some comments on this book and Larry:
The Science of Prayer -
The Mythology of Larry Dossey
Dossey is associated with Whole Person Healing who are trying to come up with data to show that Homeopathy works, both of which have been banned by the FDA (P-S, B-T)
Dossey is associated with Alternative Health which was promoting Photonic-Stimulation and is now promoting Breast Thermography,
Dossey's web page

Lancet - "Music, imagery, touch (MIT) and prayer as adjuncts to interventional cardiac care: the Monitoring and Actualization of Noetic Trainings (MANTRA) II randomized study" - "Neither masked prayer nor MIT therapy significantly improved clinical outcome after elective characterization or percutaneous coronary intervention."
Mayo Clinic Proceedings - Intercessory prayer and cardiovascular disease progression in a coronary care unit population: a randomized controlled trial.
"As delivered in this study, intercessory prayer had no significant effect on medical outcomes after hospitalization in a coronary care unit."
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies by Patients Referred to a Fibromyalgia Treatment Program at a Tertiary Care Center
Archives of Internal Medicine - The Effects of Prayer: Scientific Study, 2002; 162: 1420
American Heart Journal - Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer (STEP) in cardiac bypass patients: A multicenter randomized trial of uncertainty and certainty of receiving intercessory prayer, April 2006 (Vol. 151, Issue 4, Pages 934-942) -

Precognition
Primal therapy (Wiki) -

a trauma-based psychotherapy created by Arthur Janov, who argues that neurosis is caused by the repressed pain of childhood trauma

Pseudoscience (Wiki) -

a methodology, belief, or practice that is claimed to be scientific, or that is made to appear to be scientific, but which does not adhere to an appropriate scientific methodology, lacks supporting evidence or plausibility, or otherwise lacks scientific status

PSYCH-K (Wiki) -

stands for Psychological Kinesiology. It is a self-help tool developed by Robert M. Williams in 1988 with the goal of changing beliefs in the subconscious mind

Psychic surgery (Wiki) -

a procedure typically involving the supposed creation of an incision using only the bare hands, the supposed removal of pathological matter, and the seemingly spontaneous healing of the incision.

Psychoanalysis (Wiki) -

a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and continued by others. It is primarily devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior, although it can also be applied to societies.

Psychokinesis (PK) (Wiki)

"...refers to the direct influence of mind on a physical system that cannot be entirely accounted for by the mediation of any known physical energy. Most scientists believe that the existence of psychokinesis has not been convincingly demonstrated"

psyco (psico?) medical diagnosis (Wiki) -

a machine that uses the resonant frequencies of the organs to diagnose whatever ails you

Qi (Ch'i) (Wiki) -

an active principle forming part of any living thing

Quantum mysticism (Wiki) -

a set of metaphysical ideas and associated practices that supposes a consciousness, intelligence, or otherwise mystical component to the experience of existence or reality at the quantum scale

Psychokinesis (PK, TK) (Wiki) -

a term coined by publisher Henry Holt to refer to the direct influence of mind on a physical system that cannot be entirely accounted for by the mediation of any known physical energy

Radionics (Wiki) -

the use of blood, hair, a signature, or other substances unique to the person as a focus to supposedly heal a patient from afar

Reincarnation (Wiki) -

believed to occur when the soul or spirit, after the death of the body, comes back to Earth in a newborn body

Religion

Religion is the major cause of war and suffering in the world, see: Annotated Atheist Reading List
Sam Richards: A radical experiment in empathy - note that religion is a very important aspect, like it takes heat AND fuel AND oxygen to make a fire it takes religion AND something to make war.

Remote Viewing (RV) (Wiki)

"... is the practice of seeking impressions about a distant or unseen target using paranormal means . . . constitutes pseudoscience" movie: Suspect Zero

Rex Gilroy (Wiki) -

His work has focused on yowie reports, 'out of place' animals, UFOs, and propositions regarding a 'lost' Australian civilization

Royal Rife Frequency Healing (Wiki) - aka Resonant therapy

known for his belief that he could observe and render inert a number of viruses which he thought were causal factors in several diseases, most notably cancer

Rife.de

Ruggero Santilli (Wiki) -

a large amount of his work has dealt with his so-called hadronic mechanics, a novel fundamental theory of the universe which is not generally accepted by the physics community

Séances (Wiki) -

an attempt to communicate with spirits

Scalar field theories (Wiki) -

although this is a valid field theory, the term is often used in conjunction with over unity and other quack machines

Shamanism (Wiki) -

a range of beliefs and practices regarding communication with the spiritual world

General Patents

Induction (Ruhmkorff) Coils

23272 607/115
52054 The induction-coil, instead of being made movable upon the magnet
72616 This compound coil is made like any ordinary induction-coil
74905 The inner end of the induction-coil are surrounded by the prime coil
76654 Improvement in Induction Coil Apparatus and Circuit Breakers, Charles Grafton Page, Oct 10, 1871, 361/268 ; 335/91; 336/150; 336/234; 336/65
    The induction-coil consists of a metallic conductor, copper is generally preferred
    RE4588 Improvement in Induction Coil Apparatus and Circuit Breakers, Priscilla Webster Page (WU Telegraph Co),
78495 Energizing the primary wire of the induction-coil, the iron core becomes magnetized
90626 Making use of an induction-coil
99414 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINES FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES
115518 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINES 607/115
116110 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MEDICAL APPARATUS 607/115
116695 ELECTRO-MEDICAL APPARATUS 607/115
125078 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS 607/115
129752 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS 607/115
171934 ELECTRO-MEDICAL APPARATUS 607/115
175111 MAGNETIC MACHINES 607/115
246037 COMBINATION-BATTERY 607/115
263700 Electro-Medical Induction Coil
297924 Apparatus for the Production and Utilization of Secondary Electric Currents
320547 Medical Battery, Otto Fleming, Jun 23, 1885, 429/68 ; 429/150; 429/97; 607/65; 607/66
326270 Induction Coil
330531 Medical Induction Coil
332559 Induction Coil
342553 Induction Coil
352084 Induction Coil
350130 Induction Coil
352105 Induction Coil
363304 Pocket Battery 213/101
372168 Coin Operated Induction Coil
372441 Coin Operated Induction Coil
373088 Therapeutic Battery 54/51
374495 Coin Operated Induction Coil
385927 Coin Operated Induction Coil
395932 Medical Battery 43/18.1R
399591 Coin Operated Induction Coil
414266 Induction Coil
414626 Induction Coil
415345 Electro-Medical Battery 152/33 ; 152/1; 152/96; 301/104; 301/105.1; 301/108.5; 301/67; 301/95.107
416762 Induction Coil
419731 Portable Faradic Battery 429/164
429447 Medical Battery 192/73
432050 Induction Coil or Transformer
446730 Induction Coil
456746 Medical Induction Coil
463945 Therapeutic Electric Battery 5/617
464677 Electrical Transformer
524636 Induction Coil
535917 Induction Coil
RE10949 Coin Operated Induction Coil
548126 Electrical illumination
575772 Roengton Ray Tube
586622 Induction Coil
605174 Induction Coil
617067 Helix for Electrical Device
620027 Induction Coil
647687 Electrotherapeudic Device 607/1 ; 422/186.15
684326 Induction Coil for Medical Apparatus
733343 UV Rays
733948 Magneto Electric Machine
734197 a split-coil improvement (1903)
750039
751411 System of Lighting by Gas or Vapor Electric Lamps
763510 Magneto Electric Generator
796114 ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC APPARATUS
796851 RE12805 Ruhmkorff Coil 335/197 reissue chenged to 361/268 ; 200/250
803180 MEANS FOR PRODUCING HIGH POTENTIAL ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
802373 Magneto Dynamo Electric Machine
861783 Interrupter for Electric Circuits
863955
889542 Electromedical Battery, E.T. Otto (Otto Mfg Co), Jun 2, 1908, 607/144; 312/290; 429/163
956168 System of Lighting by Gas or Vapor Electric Lamps
959166 Magneto Electric Generator
1003634 Induction Coil
1029388 Electromagnetic Apparatus, J. McIntyre, Jun 11 1912, 335/235; 335/266
1092417 Induction coil comprising a soft iron core (Mar 5, 1913)
1307093 Electric Inductance Apparatus
1118004
1125913 Electric Machine, John B. Roche, Jan 19 1915 -

1305725 Electric Massage Machine, C.W. Kent, Jun 3, 1919, 601/20; 336/117 - looks like flashlight with roller, one "D" cell.
1547180 Electric Lamp
1723261 Coil and Method of Winding Same

Generators

There are at least three variations on these hand crank horeshoe magnet machines: the Davis & Kidder, The Burnap & Bradshaw and the Marshall.
11415 Magnetoelectric Machine, Ari Davis, Aug 1 1854, 310/71 -
23214 Magneto-electric Machine, Burnap & Bradshaw, Mar 8 1859, 310/75A - contains a wind up spring and speed regulator
25023 Electric Machine, Moses Marshall, Aug 9 1859, 310/70R - Includes provision for different waveforms +, -, +/-

Moses Marshall Electric Machine
Lever at left has two purposes: 1) control the strength of the horseshoe magnet hence the output 2) when fully pushed in acts as a keeper to preserve the magent	Keeper shown fully to the left, i.em maximum output. The small know marked "A" is the subject of the patent. It controls one of the three commutators and hence the output voltage waveform type.

Other generators
155376 Magneto-Electric Machines, O. Heikel, Sep 29 1874, 310/75B ; 310/154.49; 310/191; 310/70R - horseshoe magnet with 4 pole armature
180082 Magneto-Electric Machines, Eward Weston, Jul 18, 1876, 310/46 - generator - electromagnetic filed coils & 6 poles

RE8141 Magneto-Electric Machines, Eward Weston, Mar 26 1878, 310/46 -

189997 Magneto-Electric Machines,C.F. Brush, Apr 24 1877, 310/40R 310/268 310/46 -wire wound in grooves in iron

Violet Ray

647687 Electrotherapeutic (chair)
684326 Vacuum Electrode for Therapeutic Purposes, R.H. Wapper, Oct 8 1901 -
763183 Ultra-violet-ray Electrode, 313/307 ; 313/112; 313/245
771700 Vacuum Tube, H. Boehm & F.H. Wappler (Wappler & American X-Light Mfg Co) Oct 4 9004 -
789040 Electrotherapeutic Apparauts - Whilmhurst machine powers the glass violet devices
796114 Electrotherapeutic Apparauts, 601/11 ; 15/246.3; 15/257.1; 601/16; 607/90; 607/94
1303273 Electrotherapeutic Device - similar to a dental X-ray cachine
1317278 Electrotherapeutic Apparauts, - similar to the classis design, but two side by side cylinders
1338812 Electrotherapeutic Apparatuc, W.L. Carlson & E.C. Hanson, May 4 1920 -
1345537 Electrotherapeutic Apparauts - HV supply in wooden box
1390429 Electride, J Stanley,
1435055 Electrotherapeutic Apparauts - case with different electrodes, but not single cylinder hand held HV supply


1537012 Coil support for High Voltage Devices, B.F. Jancke (no assigned), May 5, 1925, 607/150; 242/125.2; 336/66; 336/90; 336/107; 336/192
1506344 Violet Ray Generator, B.F. Jancke (Eastern Laboratories, Inc), Aug 26 1924 As received the line cord has disintegrated and needs to be replaced. The outside of the glass has a coating that's turned brown and needs cleaning. The metal part is a direct electrode, not an extension.
After cutting line cord and pulling the sleeve off.	The resistance across the line input (buzzer adj screwed down to close contacts) 77 Ohms. Reisistance from common line input to HV output is 82 Ohms. My guess is that the primary (10 Turns you can see) is heave wire and that the secondary is very fine wire ( 36 AWG was common then). 414.8 Ohms per 1,000 feet or about 200 feet. The secondary coil rund the full length between the wood disk on the right and up an dunder the wood on the left on a 1" former. If a single layer that would be 755 turns. Bare 36 AWG is 0.005" diameter so 755 turns would be about 4 inches.
	It's 3-3/4" between the two wood disks and the secondary wire may be larger than 36 AWG.

1524876 Holder for Terminals of Violet Ray Apparatus, T. Mueller, et al (Master Electric Co), Feb 3 1925 - the classic single cylinder hand held HV supply
1624951 High-Tension Circuits, H.B. Holthouse,
1728080 Electrotherapeutic Apparauts - brush electrode
1845376 Generator of Ultra Violet Rays, H.W. Weld Feb 16 1932 - looks like regular filament light bulb w/special glass formula
2000204 Vibratory Current Interrupter (for violet ray apparatus), W.A. Whipple - cord end of cylinder
2286110 Diathermy Apparatus (includes violet rays),
2323529 Apparatus for Violet Ray Treatment, C.G. Filzer,Aug 24 1943
2327346 Therapeutic Lamp, Frank Furedy (Sun Kraft Inc),
2348617 Ultraviolet Ray Generator, Frank Furedy (Sun Kraft Inc), May 9 1944 - parabolic trough reflector
2383421 Ultraviolet Ray Applicator, M.I. Schultz, Aug 21 1945 -
2397757 Hairbrush, H. Schwedersky, Apr 2 1946 - w/UV light
2439787 Ultraviolet Ray Generator, C.E. Atkins (Sun Kraft Inc), Apr 20 1948
2460707 Electrotherapeutic Apparauts, Thomas H. Moray, Feb 1 1949 -
2590601 Apparatus for Violet Ray Treatment, C.G. Filzer, Mar 25 1952,
2666436 Ultraviolet Ray Applicator, A.F. Pesce, Jan 19 1954


Fig 1 Voltamp output at top, battery on right	Fig 2 Bottom showing wiring and VOLTAMP at lower right

Fig 3 Voltamp No. 1 Lid Open	Fig 4 No. 1 made to hold No. 6 Dry Cell

Fig 5 Voltamp No. 1 Set

Faradic Instruments

Background

Voltamp