Locks

Background
Description
    Warded
    Pin Tumbler
        Yale Cylinder
        Yale Plunger
        Yale 40 Door Lock
        Yale Door Latch
        Yale Door Latch 2
        Paracentric key warding
        Master Key Pin Lock
        Hines Key System
    Wafer Tumbler
    Disc Tumbler
    Bramah Lock
    Chubb detector Lock
    Tubular lock
    Squiggle-key
    Dimple
    Combination Locks
    Time Lock
    Time-delay Lock
    Mechanical Combo Locks
        Combo Attacks
        Single Number Combo
        Forbidden Numbers
        Joseph L. Hall
        Martin Briggs
    Combination Lock Photos
    Diebold 177-23
    LeFebure
    La Gard Model 3390SNZ
    S&G 6630
    S&G R6700
    S&G 8088 Padlock
    S&G 8077 Padlock
    Mosler 302-402 Group 1R
    Mosler BP-800 Group 1R
    Yale on Stand
    S&G Manipulation Proof on Stand
Group 2 & Historical Patents
    Pearl Harbor
Lever Locks
    Photos
    S&G 6880 Safe Lever Lock
    Yale 8-Lever Safe Lock
    Yale 10-Lever Safe Lock
    Guardian 03-877
    S&G 4440 Safe Deposit Box Lock
    S&G 120 Internal Safe Door Assembly
    S&G 4100 & Other PO Box Locks
    Post Office Box Doors
        Alvin
        Barney
        Art Novelty Co.
        American. P.O. Equip. Co.
        Eagle Lock Co.
        Lewis C. Thompson, Indianapolis, Indiana
        Keyless Lock Co. (Morris Lock Company, L.B. Williams Lock Co.)
            2 Dial Vertical
            Single Dial 3 Number
            2 Dial Side-by-Side
        Miller Lock Co.
        W.J. Neidl
        Corbin
        Yale
        PO Box Dial to Key Conversion
        USPS Cluster Box Units
            Yale PO Box Lock
    Diebold 17590 SD Box
    Diebold 17570-B Safe Deposit Box Lock
    Eagle Lock Co. 4-Lever Cabinet Lock
    Mosler 5700 PO Box Lock
    S&G 4500 Safe Deposit Box Lock & Door
Dead Bolt Locks - SCIF
    S&G 8470
Combination Lock Stands
    Yale Cast Aluminum Stand
    S&G 8400 on Stand
     Field Expedient Lock Stand
    Prototype Display/Practice Combination Lock Stand
Mechanical Combo Lock Manipulators
Electronic Combination
    Fed Spec FF-L-2740A
        Kaba Mas X-07
Padlocks
    Characteristics
    S&G 8088 Padlock
    S&G 8077 Padlock
    Master 1500iD
    Master 1500eXD Padlock
    S&G Environmental Padlock
    S&G High Security Padlock
        826
        831
        833
        951
    American Lock
    Seal Lock
        Slaymaker Bureau of Industrial Alcohol (B.I.A.) Seal Padlock
        Clarke Combination Seal Lock Co. Baltimore, M.D.
    Counter Padlock (registered mail)
Lever Pancake Padlock
    Smith & Egge Mfg Co.
    Yale Padlocks, 854, 805, 805F, 633, 9425B, 324, 326, 1625, 1625h, 1625 Exploded, No 39 Railroad
    Keline
    Railroad
     Norwegian or Scandinavian Padlocks
        Slaymaker
         Segal
        Miller
    Fraim
    Abloy
    Chubb
    Belfry
    TSA & Luggage
    Adlake
    Corbin (fake Gorbin)
    Slaymaker
    O.M. Edwards Co.
    Valiant
    Miller
    Pye
    Mallory, Wheeler & Co. New Haven, Conn.
    Eagle Lock Co
    Wilson Bohannan
    Abus
    Made in India
    Hanayama Puzzle
    Sterling Gas Pump Lock
    Clarke Combination
Door Locks
    Rim
        Bradford
        Corbin
        Yale 40
        Yale Latch
        Yale Latch 2
        Yale Latch 3
    Mortise
        Russell and Erwin
    Unit
        Corbin Russwin Unit Lock
    Cylindrical
    Tubular
    Store Front
    RFID
    Coin Bathroom Stall
    Dead Latch
Picks & Locksmith Tools
    Lishi
    Classic Tools
Containers (safe,Vault & file cabinet)
    Book Safe
    Digital Safe
    Toy Metal Safe
    Cash Box
    Steelmaster (MMF) Locking Steel Bond Box
    Automatic Recording Safe Co Coin Bank
    Registering Bank Kingsbury Mfg. Co.
     Add-o-Bank
    Toy Bank
    Safe Box
    Hermann Safe Co.
    Commercial Safes
Keys
    Impressioning
    Transponder
         Mercedees Benz 2003 Car Key
        Smart
        Cutting Machines
        Photos & Classification
        Hollow Barrel Keys, Table
        Flat Keys
        Barrel Keys
        Solid Skeleton Keys
    Cutting Keys
Key Assemblies
    Key-In-Knob
    Key-In-Knob Patents
    Small Format Interchangeable Core (SFIC)
    Large Format Interchangeable Core (LFIC)
    Rim Cylinder
    Interchangeable Core Patents
    Mul-T-Lock Patents
Handcuffs
Missile Launch Decoder
Military Vehicle Locks
References
Related
Patents
Links

Background

Locks have a strong relationship to Cryptography. I also have web pages about crypto machines and crypto patents. In both cryptography and locks there is a constant contest between those who are trying to protect something and those who are trying to defeat the protection. Some people promote the idea of "security through obscurity" (Wiki) both in cryptography and locks but it's not a good idea.

Many years ago I got the book "Surley you're joking, Mr. Feynman!" (Wiki, Amazon) because it has information on combination locks. I highly recommend this book.

Started this web page after watching some Defcon videos, see References below.

Description

There's a saying about knots something like "A good knot is easy to tie, serves a specific purpose and is easy to untie". A lock works in a similar way. That's to say a good lock is easy (and as inexpensive as possible) to use, serves it's purpose and is easy to unlock. Locks that fail to meet all these requirements will not be successful. - Brooke

There are various types of locks (Wiki) Lock Picking (Wiki), Snap gun (Wiki), Bumping (Wiki), Locksport (Wiki),

Warded (Wiki)

Very old locks work this way. The idea is to have a part of the key that gets blocked by the lock mechanism. Typically any key that fits the lock can be made to work all similar locks by removing material from the key. Very poor security.

Warding is also used in combination with the other types of keys shown below. This is done by the shape of the key opening and the cross sectional shape of the keyway. So there can be many locks that have the same pin tumbler coding but require different keys. This is usually done by manufacturer, i.e. a Schlage key (Wiki) has a different cross section than a Kwikset key, &Etc.

3630 Door Lock, Lrnus Yale, Jun 13, 1844 -

Pin Tumbler (Wiki)

In the U.S. most house and pad locks are of the pin tumbler type. Most of these can be picked, see YouTube: Bosnia Bill -

Yale Cylinder

The threads may be 1-5/32-32. Cam in within threads when locked and key can be removed (Fig 1 & 2) . When unlocked (Fig 3 & 4) ket is captured. Is the cam installed backward? Let me know.

Fig 1 Yale Cylinder

Fig 2 Yale Cylinder
Fig 3 Yale Cylinder
Fig 4 Yale Cylinder



Yale Plunger

Not sure of how this is used. Let me know. maybe for a retail store sliding door on the back of a showcase?
When locked plunger is extended and key can be removed. When unlocked plunger retraced and key captured. Is it just an artifact that there is a keyway in the plunger? It would seem to weaken the plunger.
Plunger: 1/2" dia x 1/2" high
Body: 1.093" dia x 1-1/4" high
Key: 5 pins

2091199 Lock, Fraim Samuel R, Aug 24, 1937, 70/90, 70/492, 70/379.00R - window sash plunger lock

Fig 1

Fig 2
Fig 3

Paracentric key warding

The first pin tumbler keys were simple flat keys, see 208863 (above). There are two problems with them:
1. There is no mechanical control of the key position, you can wiggle the key up or down and it will not work. It needs to be placed correctly to function. This also means that when some keys that are not properly cut are in the keyway and are wiggled up and down they may open the lock.
2. picking tools, like are used now (see picks below) can easily be inserted into the keyway, making picking pretty easy.
Still true today for most keyway warding patterns. My guess is that it's expensive to broach a highly paracentric keyway (see patent 487701 below) so they are not that common.

See Fig 1

456917 Lock, W.H. Taylor, THE YALE and TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Jul 28, 1891, - Warded key, not flat, aka Paracentric key warding (Wiki)
, 70/378; 70/375 - anti picking tools and a discussion of the paracentric principle.
            Calls and talks about:
            192020 : RE9787 Hub for Locks, J. Schade, Yale Lock Co. July 5 1881, 70/375; 70/453 -
            208863 (above)
            234213 Lock Cylinder, W.H. Taylor, Nov 9, 1880, 70/375; 70/453 -
            234630 Lock Cylinder, W.H. Taylor, Nov 16, 1880, 70/375; 70/DIG.61 -
            208863 Lock, W.H. Taylor, Oct 8, 1878, 70/407 -
            234002 Lock and Key, C.C. Dickerman, Nov 2, 1880, 70/407; 70/453 -
            but should also mention 456917
YouTube: Lock Picking Lawyer: How To Pick Locks With Paracentric Keyways - shape, not thickness is the "key" thing.
487701 Tool for Forming Key Slots, W.H. Taylor, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Dec 6, 1892, - broach

1384022 Lock, Best Frank Ellison, Jul 5, 1921, 70/340; 70/367; 70/373; 70/375; 70/378; 70/451; 70/493; 70/DIG.59 - Mortise Cylinder lock with removable/interchangeable core.

Master Key Pin Lock

Prior to this invention there was a rather small limit to the number of different flat keys that could be used with pin tumbler locks. To increase the number of keys the keyhole in front of the pin tumblers can be warded so that the cross sectional shape of the key needs to fit the keyhole. This patent goes further in that the warding supports master keying on 6 levels.

Note that warding adds no security. For example if you have a set of all possible pin tumbler keys on the master key blank you can open all the locks in that system.

567305 Master Key Pin Lock, William F. Donovan, Yale & Towne Mfg Co., Sept 8, 1896, 70/340; 70/420 -

Hines Key System

Learned about this from YouTube, LockPickingLawyer: [1181] A TRAP For Pickers! The Clever Hines Key System Picked -

Searching for related patents:
1777725 Cylinder lock, Hines John, Segal Lock & Hardware Co, 1930-10-07, 70/370 - cylinder is harder to remove from housing
1833994 Lock, Hines John, Segal Lock & Hardware Co, 1931-12-01, 70/486; 70/156; 70/106; 292/DIG.41 - knob on each plus cylinder.
1922043 Lock, Hines John, Segal Lock & Hardware Co, 1933-08-15, 292/138; 292/140; 292/139 - Jimmy-Proof bolt
2379437 Laminated padlock, Hines John, Segal Louis, NORWALK LOCK Co, 1945-07-03, - Master lock type padlock
3130573 Pin-tumbler lock, Hines John, New England Lock and Hardware Co, 1964-04-28 - a ball bearing on the shear line prevents drilling

Hines Key System
3349588 Cylinder locks, Hines John, New England Lock and Hardware Co, 1967-10-31, 70/493; 70/378; 70/375; 70/421 -
"An object of the invention is to provide pin-tumbler cylinder locks with means making it more difficult to succeed in unlocking them by picking.

Another object of the invention is to provide means, out of reach of a picking tool, for re-engaging the cylinder and plug after the lock has been picked.

Another object of the invention is to provide means which will prevent the re-engaging means from operating when the proper key is inserted in the key slot.

I would not use this because if someone tries to pick it and the cylinder locks up there's no non destructive way to open it. So probably only used is very specialized applications.

Wafer Tumbler (Wiki)

Uses washer shaped parts to act in a similar way to the pins in the above design. The wafers move up and down like pins, not in rotation like a combination lock.Usually found in low cost locks in file cabinets, cam locks or vehicle doors and ignition switches. Some of the wafers only move in one direction (the key is asymmetrical <teeth on only one edge. and can only be installed one way) or move both ways (the key has teeth on both edges.).
YouTube: Bosnia Bill: Beating Wafer Locks (for Beginners) - How to Pick the American H10 Double Wafer (double sided) -

the Detex Watchman's clocks has a wafer lock to keep the watchman from getting inside so they typically come locked w/o that key.
99013 Lock, S. Shepahdson, Threaded cylinder, 18 Jan 1870, sort of a wafer tumbler style, Yale "plate key".

Disc Tumbler (Wiki)

The term disc tumbler is commonly used when wafer tumblers are what is meant, so be alert to this misuse of the term "disc tumbler".
The disks act in a way very similar to the wheels in a combination lock and need to be turned the correct amount to align the notches at the edge of the wheel so a side bar can fall and open the bolt. These offer fairly high security. Commonly called Abloy type locks.

Examples are the S&G Environmental padlock or the Abloy padlock.
Abloy Padlocks - come in grades 6 (highest security) to grade 2 (lowest security) (they don't make grade 1 padlocks) - YouTube channel, some models postmay be susceptible to punching - Exploiting Abloy's Design Defect

Fig 1 Disc Cam Lock (eBay <$10, motif2014)

Fig 1 Abloy Sentry PL321/50B-KA 35GP52 Padlock

Fig 1 Abloy Sentry

Fig 1 LaGard 2200 - High Security Key Lock
         UL 768 Group 2, 4 disks

Fig 2 Note key change hole at upper right.
Used with a zero bitted key

Fig 3 relocker activates if punched

Padlock

Padlock
Padlock

Lock Wiki: LaGard 2200, 2240, 2270 -

Disk Tumbler Patents

9497 Safety-Lock, Linus Yale, Dec 21, 1852, 70/354; 70/419 - not sure if disk tumbler or something else, like a lever lock, but with offset cylinders instead of levers.

1514318 Safety lock, Henriksson Emil Wilhelm, App: 1919-05-29, Pub: 1924-11-04, 70/143; 70/151A; 70/DIG.28; 70/366; 70/409-

Abloy - History -

LockWiki: Abloy Disklock / Disklock Pro -

2217047 Lock, Fitz Gerald John W, Briggs & Stratton Corp, Oct 8, 1940 - rotating disk lock

3789638 Rotary disc tumbler lock construction, Cohn R, Roberts M, Ward J, Locking Syst Inc, Feb 5, 1974 -

4127996 Key profile system, Henrikki Malminen, Kaarlo Martikainen, Oy Wartsila Ab, Dec 5, 1978 - assigned to Abloy 1990

4351172 Cylinder lock mechanism, Kaarlo Martikainen, Oy Wartisila Ab, Sep 28, 1982 - assigned to Abloy 1990

4686843 Cylinderlock-key-combination, Kaarlo Martikainen, Kyosti Nevalainen, Oy Wartsila Ab, Aug 18, 1987 - assigned to Abloy 1990

5490405 Cylinder lock--key--combination, Seija Ramo, Kyosti Nevalainen, Pekka Vehvilainen, Abloy Security Ltd Oy, Feb 13, 1996

6799447 Cylinder lock-key-combination, Pekka Mielonen, Seppo Kiiski, Abloy Oy, Oct 5, 2004 -

8485006 Disc tumbler cylinder lock and key combination, Seppo Kiiski, Abloy Oy, Jul 16, 2013 - Protec2 system with ball bearing in key to only allow turning the key when it's all the way in.

Bramah Lock (Wiki) &

Locks invented in the UK and thought secure for many decades, but were picked in 1851 by Hobbs (Wiki).
YouTube: Hobbs and His Locks: The Great Lock Controversy of 1851 -
National Insecurity - article about the Crystal Place Exhibition of 1851 and lock-picking of Bramah Challenge lock by the American Hobbs.
Construction of Locks and Safes by A.C. Hobbs was reprinted in 1970 (on order April 5 2017)
The Bramah lock uses a cylindrical key and what amounts to lever wafers. A precursor to the modern tubular lock (Wiki).
4196606 Bramah locks is a modern patent based on the Bramah idea and aimed at high security applications
The modern Bramah lock keys have slots cut into a tubular body and so are susceptible to accumulating dirt and lint in the slots, thi smar or may not be a problem?

This appears to be a cabinet lock with the lid part with two pins that stick into the lock body. In Fig 2 below when the steel bolt is moved to the right by the cylindrical pin on the center of the lock the lid part is released. The steel bolt dogs that hold the lid part are beveled so that the when the lid closes the spring allows the bolt to move to the right and capture the lid part.

The cylindrical part of the key should be about 0.200" O.D. with a hole of about 0.100" I.D.

This lock may be over 100 years old and the inside is very dirty (see Fig 3 below). There is a potential problem of jamming if it gets too dirty.

Looking for original patent.
GB Jan 18, 1784 Joseph Bramah
GB May 3, 1798 Joseph Bramah

Fig 1

Fig 2
Fig 3 What look like wires are in fact flat levers. There is a two part split steel disk that captures the center lock bods.

Chubb detector Lever Lock (Wiki)

Chubb invented a lever lock that was commonly used to lock doors. They also made padlocks and safes.

Patents

Feb 3, 1818 Jeremiah Chubb
June 15, 1824 Chubb, Charles, Portsea
May 17, 1828 Chubb, Charles, London
Dec 20, 1833 Chubb, Charles, London: and Hunter, E., Wolverhampton
Dec 14, 1846 Chubb, John, St. Paul's Churchyard
Jan 11, 1847 Chubb, John, and Hunter, Ebenezer, sen. , St Paul's Churchyard

Chubb web page 29 - mentioned "...Patent No. 11,523 dated 11th January 1847. This was the fourth development on the original design patented in 1818."

Fig 1 Outside face with keyhole

Fig 2 Inside face with keyhole
Fig 3 Keys have front to back symmetry
Fig 4 Inside
Fig 5 Missing curtain disk on rear wall, like the one sitting on cover in Fig 4?

Tubular lock

These are very similar to the Bramah lock except instead of using lever wafers like the Bramah lock, the modern tubular lock uses pin tumblers. They became infamous when the Kryptonite bicycle lock (Wiki) could be opened with the plastic barrel of a Bic pen. It turns out that tubular locks have an inherent weakness in that if made incorrectly (cheaply) they are susceptible to self impressioning.

Squiggle-key Internal cut key (Wiki)

Electrical Products Co. Detroit
Used on the Mills Vest Pocket Trade Stimulator (Slot Machine) coin box.
2155734 Lock Tumbler, Phillip W. Olson, Automatic Instrument Co., Apr 25, 1939, 70/358, 70/492, 70/406 -

2155734 Lock Tumbler

Fig 1

Fig 2 "Patented"

Have a squiggle-key groove on the flat face of the key. Used on some Rock-Ola jukebox cabinets.
179887 Locks for Doors &c., H.L. Arnold, Jul 18, 1876, 70/366; 70/403; 70/409 -
1328074 Key Lock, Edward O Bennett (Oakland), Hepburn Ruhl (San Francisco), Jan 13, 1920, 70/492, 70/358, 70/DIG.610, 70/375, 70/409, 70/408 - independent of springs & gravity - referenced by 13 patents
1456584 Key lock, Dillwyn M Bell, May 29, 1923, 70/340, 70/409, 70/360, 70/405, 70/358, 70/492, 70/DIG.370 - master key (slot not depression?) very different from individual key
2023207 [RE20865] Lock key, Olson Phillip W,Automatic Instr Company, Dec 3, 1935, 70/406, 70/409, 70/492 - referenced by 19 other patents (Apr 2017)
2035181 Lock, Molinare Anthony W, Dudley Lock Corp, Mar 24, 1936, 70/358; 70/375; 70/377; 70/401; 70/407; 70/409; 70/492 - wafers
2155734 Lock tumbler, Olson Phillip W,Automatic Instr Company, Apr 25, 1939, 70/358, 70/492, 70/406 - referenced by 22 other patents (Apr 2017)
3035433 Lock mechanism, Frank J Testa, Eagle Lock Corp, May 22, 1962, 70/495; 70/409; 70/419 -

70/336 Key, 70/387 push/pull operation, 70/393 push/pull operation keys

Dimple Lock

913942 Lock, J.W. Bodge, Mar 2, 1909, 70/493; 70/358; 70/375; 70/378; 70/386; 70/403; 70/405; 70/406; 70/409; 70/421; 70/DIG.62 -
Also See Mul-T-Lock.

Combination Lock

Combination Lock (Wiki), Safe-Cracking (Wiki), Password Guessing (Wiki), Safe (Wiki), UL 768 (Lock Wiki)

Group
Attacker
Time
hours
Dial
Tolerance
Examples

1
Skilled
20
+/- 0.5
S&G 2937, 6435

1R
Skilled w/X-Ray
20 +/- 0.5 S&G 8430, 8560

2M
Skilled 2
+/- 1.25 S&G 6630

2
Semi-skilled 2 +/- 1.25 S&G 6730

UL Group 2: moderate resistance to unauthorized opening -
UL Group 1: High degree of resistance to unauthorized opening -
UL Group 1R: High degree of resistance to unauthorized opening including X-ray (but probably not neutron imaging (See References Safe Cracking w/o a Trace).

US Patent class 70/304 are early Permutation locks where there were often multiple dials.

32330 Combination Lock, Linus Yale Jr., May 14, 1861, 70/305; 70/326; 70/DIG.33 - requires many many turns of a crank at different levels, one for each tumbler, to set the combination by counting turns.
32331 Lock, , Linus Yale Jr.,May 14, 1861, 70/352 - lever lock vault door

51973 Permutation Lock, James Sargent and H.W. Covert,
57574 Permutation Lock, James Sargent, Aug 28, 1866, 70/329; 70/303A -
        RE4696 Jan 2, 1872, 70/322

157258 Permutation-padlocks, J.M. Willbur, Nov 24, 1874, - cylinder with 6 disks marked with numbers and letters. gong/bell rings when disks moved.

165370 Lock for safe and vault doors, J. Sargent, July 6, 1875, - an improvement upon the combined time, or chronometer lock and combination, permutation, or key lock - provide for the setting of the chronometer or time lock automatically by the act of locking the combination, permutation, or key lock, thus rendering the setting of the chronometer or time lock an absolute certainty upon lock ing the safe, vault, or other door.
200070 Improvement in tumblers for permutation-locks, J. Loch, Feb 5, 1878 - Easy combination change

2575674 Permutation lock, Harry C Miller, Filed: Mar 26, 1949, Pub: Nov 20, 1951, 70/284, 70/323, 70/303.00A, 70/333.00R -
                 "The primary object of the present invention is to provide a combination lock in which a manipulation of the dial will not give any indication of the position of the gates in any of the tumblers". Model: 8400?

2807954 Combination lock, Miller Harry C, Filed: Jul 6, 1954 Pub: Oct 1, 1957, 70/333.00R, 70/303.00R, 70/323 - "Another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel combination lock of the type having means preventing engagement of the fence with the tumblers during rotation of the tumblers,"

3237435 Tumbler wheels for combination locks, Paul George D, Sargent & Greenleaf, Mar 1, 1966, - plastic tumblers X-Ray proof (but not neuron proof)

After the Mas-Hamilton Soft-Drill (Way Back Machine: photos, software, Review), the inventors worked on mechanical improvements to the The S&G 6730 or the LaGard 3330 to made them resistant to the Soft-Drill. Things like adding a magnet that would be sensitive to the mounting magnets used on the Soft-Drill, but they eventually developed an electronic lock, the XO-7.

Time Lock (Wiki),

"Time locks were originally created to prevent criminals from kidnapping and torturing the person(s) who knows the combination, and then using the extracted information to later burgle the safe or vault, or to stop entry by authorized staff at unauthorized times." For that function they work OK, but for times when you need a safe opened on a Sunday, like 7 Dec 1941 (Wiki), they present a big problem.

1205147 Time Lock, Edgar M Benham, Nydia Lock Co, 1916-11-21, 70/272 - three countdown timers in case
1206803 Auxiliary Motor for Time Locks, Edgar M Benham, Nydia Lock Co, 1916-12-05, 70/273 - the clock mainspring is too weak after a long delay so an auxiliary spring is needed to throw the bolt. (used in 1205803 see Mosler 2095429)
146832 [RE7104], [RE8035], [RE8550] Time-Lock, S.A. Little, Yale Lock Co., Jan 21, 1879, 70/273 - List of Patent Trials
665374 Time-lock, Herbert C Stockwell, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Jan 1, 1901, 70/273 -
686867 Locking device for safe-doors, Herbert C Stockwell, Nov 19, 1901, 70/272; 292/207; 292/231
833094 Time-lock, Herbert C Stockwell, 1906-10-09, - single unit that can be removed easily for swap or repair
991629 Time-lock for safes and vaults, Charles A Miller, Yale and Towne, 1911-05-09, - in addition to the 3-up time lock there's an additional hourly lock
1043531 Time-movement, Charles A Miller, Yale and Towne, 1912-11-05, - extra support for shafts
1164378 Time-lock, Charles A Miller, Yale and Towne, 1915-12-14, - fully automatic 7-day with skip Sunday
1283255 Time-lock movement, Charles A Miller, Yale and Towne,1918-10-29, - easy adjustment of balance wheel without disassembly.
1858964 Time lock mechanism, Charles A Miller, Yale and Towne,1932-05-17, - Time delay, not a clock, but done by a simple modification to a classical time lock. "Bankers usually keep their reserve currency in a chest protected by a combination lock, but it is common for the yeggs to force the cashier to unlock this chest which often contains a considerable amount of money."
2095429 Time lock mechanism, William T Benham, Mosler Lock Co, 1937-10-12, 70/269 - time delay adjustable up to 72 hours (3 days)

Time-delay Combination Lock (Wiki)

"Unlike the time lock, which unlocks at a preset time (as in the case of a bank vault), time-delay locks operate each time the safe is unlocked, but the operator must wait for the set delay period to elapse before the lock can be opened. Time delay safes are most commonly used in businesses with high cash transactions."

Photos

Fig 1 Unknown make & Model
Delay of 15, 20, 25 or 30 minutes set by screw position.
There are two independent escapements and drive trains including
separate mainsprings for redundancy.   This is the same size as a
Group 2 lock bock and piggybacks onto it with a coupling between
the wheel at the top of the left unit and the drive cam on the combo
lock. Wound as part of dialing the second number.
See: Mosler 3702551

S&G Time Delay

S&G Time Delay

S&G Time Delay

S&G Time Delay
14424
Unadjustrd Twenty Four (24) Jewels
Made in Switzerland for
Herman D. Steel Company
Philadelphia, Pa, U.S.A.

223933 Time-lock-unlocking attachment, S. M. Lillie, 1880-01-27, -
1078425 Lock, A. S. Franks, 1913-11-11, - magnetic coupling from external clock to mechanism inside door
1147905 Time-lock attachment, Herbert C Stockwell, 1915-07-27, - "...commences to run at the time the first step is taken toward unlocking the safe,"
1680321 Time-clock indicator, Crawford Franklin E, Bankers Electric Protective As, Aug 14, 1928, 70/273, 340/870.16, 70/432 - adjustable delay up to 73 hours, single escapement

Mechanical Combination

Group Numbers

Group 1 are the best, like the S&G 2937, 6435,
Group 2 are still good, like the S&G 6730,

There seems to be two ways to change the combination on these UL 768 Group 2 combination locks which is clear from the location of the change key hole on the back cover.
The S&G method requires using a "change key" index mark that's at about 11 O'clock relative to the normal unlocking index at 12 O'clock.
In the Diebold method you just dial the normal combination as usual.
The location of the change key hole is different for each of the above.
All the below locks have common mounting dimensions and would fit on the same display/practice stand.
YouTube: Pro Safecracker Fact Checks Safecracking in Movies, 19:49 -

00:00 Intro
00:55 'Army of Thieves' (IMDB)
04:30 'The Italian Job' (IMDB)
09:47 'The Thieves' (IMDB)
12:47 'The Score' (IMDB)
16:02 'Thief' (IMDB)
17:47 'Fast Five' (IMDB)

Combo Attacks (Wiki: Safe-cracking)

There are two kinds of attack.
One where there is no sign after the opening that the safe was opened. This is a huge problem when information is being protected since you do not know it has been stolen. It's also a huge problem if valuables are stolen and there's no sign of a break-in since the insurance company will think it was an inside job.

The other type of attack is when you do know that the safe was opened. This is most commonly when valuables are being stolen.

Blasting
The idea was to pour nitroglycerin (Wiki) into the crack between the door and safe/vault body and the explosion should blow the door off. I'm guessing one countermeasure to this was the round door money safe where the door flange is similar to a Morse Taper (Wiki) where there would be zero distance between the door and frame when the door is closed and the only way to open the door is by a force from inside the vault pushing out. That's to say you can not pull on the outside of the door to open it.

Punching
The idea is to cut off the dial and use a punch and sledge hammer to drive the spindle out of the lock removing the lock and allowing the door to open. There are many patents for various "re-locking" devices to protect against this.
Some Yale and Mosler combination locks have the wheel pack attached to the rear lock cover, maybe for this reason?

Manipulation 1
The early locks where the fence rides on the circumference of the wheels, like my antique Herman safe, can easily be manipulated by applying a slight force on the opening handle while turning the dial and feeling the movement when the fence hits a gate in the wheel. This will tell you one or more numbers of the combination greatly reducing the combination space. Long time delay, up to 120 hours) clockwork additions to the combination lock were a fix for this problem, but then on Sunday, 7 Dec 1941 there were war plans in safes that could not be opened until the following Monday because of time locks.

Manipulation 2
At some point the drive cam became larger in diameter than the tumbler wheels so that the fence would never contact the wheels and so no information about the gates could be determined since the fence nose can only drop after all the gates have been aligned. But by measuring the gap between the left and right contact points where the lever nose contacts the notch in the drive cam you can find the gates on all the wheels.

When Open
In most cases you can determine the combination by visual inspection of the disks, but in some cases that does not work. So this paragraph is a placeholder for describing techniques for determining the combination when you have an open lock.

Single Number Combo

If the combination is set to all the same number such as N - N - N then after spinning the dial CCW at least four times all the notches are aligned. When you stop on N all the notches are aligned with the gate. Turning right opens the lock. This is a single number combination. It may be the default combination on some Mosler locks. Note you could easily check for a single number by spinning 4 turns CCW and stopping on all the numbers like this:

4 turns CCW stopping on 0
4 turns CCW stopping on 1
4 turns CCW stopping on 2
. . . .
4 turns CCW stopping on 99
But if you know the tolerance you could use a shorter list of numbers.

Forbidden Numbers

On combination locks where you turn the dial to retract the bolt the last number dialed must not be too close to the number where the fence drops into the wheel to avoid jamming. Here's a list of numbers I found on the alt.lockpicking web page.

Mfg Model Forbidden
Range

Diebold
177 & 180 90 - 10

900 75 - 100

Federal 800 0 - 20

Ilco
69; 673; A673; 674 0 - 20

LaGard
1800; 1843; 1847; 1854; 1980; 1985 0 - 20

3330 (splined at 50) 0 - 20

3330 (splined at 44) 95 - 15

Mosler
120; 302; 402; 1830 90 - 10

Precision all
0 - 20

S&G
6205; 6230; 6430; 6530; 6650; 6700 0 - 20

"
6709; 6727(074); 6731; 6741 0 - 20

"
6730 (splined at 50) 0 - 20

"
6730 (splined at 41) 90 - 10

"
6738 90 - 20

"
6750 (splined at 50) 90 - 20

"
6750 (splined at 41) 80 - 10

"
8400
45 - 50

"
8500
90 - 20

Note that by determining the drop number you get a little information on what type of lock you have. You can also use this as a mild confirmation of the lock type (it's not unheard of that the dial does not match the mechanism).

Joseph L. Hall
Saw a nice "antique Joesph L Hall 4 Wheel Vault Door Lock" on eBay so looking for patents with Hall as inventor related to locks. His company name "Joseph L. Hall, Cincinnati O." and a portrait was embossed on at coin that at first glance looks like a Silver Dollar and that coin was affixed to the lock mechanism.

Hall's Safe & Lock Co. (Wiki) - also the Consolidated Time Lock company (note time lock shown on patent 402590 and the mention of them in 94613.

6655 Fireproof Chest, E. & J.L. Hall, 1849-08-21, 109/83; 126/1R - air gap with mushroom pins to prevent pulling out walls.
81630 Permutation Padlock, J.L. Hall,1868-09-01, -

94613 Permutation Lock, W.F. Kistler, J.L. Hall, 1869-09-07, 70/133- the eBay lock

"... prevent the “dog,' secured to the anchor, from being in contact with the faces of the tumblers, in order to prevent “feeling” for the slots in the tumblers..."

Fig 1

Fig 2 The disks have the look and feel of the Herman Safe Co.
Fig 3

Fig 4
Fig 5
Fig 6

136239 Safe Door-hinges, J.L. Hall, 1873-02-25, 16/263; 16/386; 16/265 -

247250 Angle-bar for permutation-locks, J. L. Hall, 1881-09-20, 70/322 - can be used with time attachments

402590 Safe, J.L. Hall, 1889-05-07, 292/304; 109/64; 105/216; 312/325 - hinge for circular door that allows it to be moved to the side giving much better access to the safe.

816724 Fireproof safe and process of filling the walls of the same, William H Hall, Edward C Hall, 1906-04-03, 109/84 - the old method of filling voids with concrete can cause bulging and damage to the safe. This is a better way.

Martin Briggs, Rochester, N.Y. Covert's Patent.

A vault door on eBay where the brass combination lock has patent dates: Sept 15, 1857 & Oct 5, 1858

18228 Permutation Lock, H.W. Covert, 1857-09-15,
RE1725 Permutation Lock, H.W. Covert, Martin Briggs, 1864-07-12, - was 18228

21655 Cam for Throwing Bolt in Locks, H.W. Covert, 1858-10-5, -
57574 Permutation Lock, James Sargent, 1866-08-28, - magnet
47575 Lock, James Sargent & H.W. Covert, 1895-05-02, - Magnetic lock prevents dog from touching wheels.
51973 Permutation Lock, James Sargent & H.W. Covert,1866-01-09, - key to allow resetting combination

Combination Lock Photos

Diebold 177-23
Group 2

For Fig 2 & Fig 3 see Field Expedient Lock Stand below
Fig 4

Fig 5 Note the location of the change key hole compared to the S&G R6700 (Fig 6)
To change the combo on the Diebold 177 combination is dialed using the normal index, but for the S&G the "change index" needs to be used for dialing the combination. This difference is reflected in the location of the change key hole on the cover.

LeFebure
Group 2

The relocking spring on the bolt at upper left and it's boss on the back of the cover plate can be seen. If the back plate is removed the bolt will be held in the open position. That could happen, like here or if the spindle was "punched" out. LaGuard uses the same relock patented design. When reassembling the lock after removing it the "smith" did not screw it in all the way. Note key change hole at the lower right of the back cover. Therefore a "change combo index must be dialed" like on the S&G.

La Gard Model 3390SNZ
3390 Series Group 2M
S: UL/Vds Class 1/EN1300 Class A
N: No Switch
Z: parameter not used

Opened
Note location of the change key hole, like the S&G so uses a Change Index.
See dial photo at left for change index.

Dial

S&G 6630
Group 2M
YouTube: S&G 6730 Combination Lock Installation,

S&G R6700
Group 2
YouTube - Combo: 50-50-50 with sound -

Inside correct combo, bolt back
Spline key in VU (Vertical Up) so photo is upside down.

Dial with Key Lock

Inside back of R6700
Change key access hole is a square with an added notch.
Most of the change key has this cross section.

Back side bolt retracted. Note small round hole near upper left corner for change key round nose. Not sure why the other small hole. Note silver color plug between the spindle hole and bolt. It's directly behind the torque adjustment. Is that what it's for? Let me know about the above.

Fig 6 S&G U8 change key (Marked: IL Co 3)

Fig 7 Change key ready to be turned

Fig 8 Seated change key.
The relocker is engaged, bolt in locked position, correct combo set at "change" index. But, without a stand and the dial attached I'm not sure how to
read the old combination or set the new combo. Have a display stand or order and am working on manufacturing my own.

S&G 8088 Padlock
Appears to be new in the box, but . . .
does not open with 10 - 20 - 30 - 0
There may be a problem with some 8088 padlocks
See 8088 patents below
Center of dial marked: 45

Fig 2 This is a different lock (not the one at left), the one at left did not open. Note the change key is just a smaller version of the S&G Group 2 change key. Marked:
US
Padlock 8088
Pat. No's.
2,673,457
2,625,032
Other Pat. Pend.

S&G 8077 Padlock
This is a more secure version of the 8088 padlock. It has an
armor plate removable back to protect the key change hole.
See: 8077 patents below
Center of dial marked: 35

The change key hole is very much more guarded than in the 8077 compared to the 8088 above. Marked:
D20678
U Sargent & Greenleaf Inc. S
Rochester, N.Y. U.S.A.
8077A
CL1/CL2
Fed. Spec. FF-P-110
1975

The factory combination is "25", but the instructions that came with the lock are wrong. The instructions say to turn CCW four times and stop on 25. Then turn CW to 0 and open.

But my lock works with the opposite rotation.
Turn CW and stop at 24 after it appears at least 4 times.
Then turn CCW to 0 and open.
YouTube Video demonstration of this:
Open Sargent and Greenleaf 8077A Padlok with Factory "25" Combination

Mosler 302-402 Group 1R
Note the dial has a change index, the change method
is to take apart the wheel pack, so the dial is mismatch to the lock.

Fig 2 lists some Mosler patents
missing 6-32 cover screws.

Fig 3 Missing spindle key to drive cam.
Plastic wheels for the "R" part of 1R.

Also the the outside of each wheel has a lot of false gates.

Fig 1 Mosler BP-800 Group 1R
I thought this was a "Direct Dial" lock, but it's just a Group 1R.

Fig 2
Fig 3 Cast in metal:
Mossler
BOLT MUST BE OUT
TO REMOVE COVER
Stickers: Patent numbers
50-25-50 (default combo)
UL Listed Combination Lock
Group 1 R No. B-83458
BP-800

eBay: Mosler BP-800 Set

Fig 4. "302-402" under default combo sticker.
Bolt stock because of old grease.

Fig 5. key-change smooth plastic wheels

Needs special dial. How to install dial when the cover can not be removed until the bolt is out?
Thanks to Josh for information on how to get it open.
1. Under the default combination sticker "50-25-50" cast into the lid is "302-402", which is a normal Group 1R, not a "Direct Dial".
2. The reason the bolt did not want to move is the lock was assembled with an old school lubricant that gums up with age, unlike modern synthetic lubricants. So the lock needs to be cleaned and lubricated. To open the bolt just press on the round brass pin in the slot. It would have been easier if I sprayed around the bolt with a solvent.3

3699789 Dial structure for mechanism requiring both lineal and rotary input operating movements, Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1972-10-24, - Direct Dial -

3436941 Combination lock with cam-operated tumblers and sequentially engageable tumbler stops, Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1969-04-08, - 1st Generation Direct Dial - "the operating shaft turns a rotary cam which swings a series of lever tumblers. Each tumbler is pivoted for swinging movement relative to the cam axis, and is spring biased toward the cam. Each tumbler has a gate at its free end. Rotation of the cam positions the gates; the gates must be positioned according to the proper combination be fore they will receive with a series of fingers, or teeth that are mounted to and move with the boit, in order for the bolt to be retracted. "

3518856 Combination Lock With Cam Follower Positioned, Cumulatively Arrested Tumbler Elements', Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1970-07-07, - 2nd generation - "the operating shaft turns a set of several disk-like cams. One end of a pivoted cam follower is spring urged into contact with the shaped periphery of each respective cam. The other end of each cam fol lower bears upon and cams a lineally movable tumbler element. The slider tumbler is spring urged against the cam follower and is positioned in accordance with the angular position of the shaft. At the start of running of the combination, rotation of the dial operates all of the cam followers and slider tumblers, and as the combination numbers are dialed and set by axial movement of the shaft, the respective sliders are cumulatively ar rested by tumbler holding means in the form of a slider holding pin which passes perpendicularly through a hole in the slider."
3702551 Time delay combination locks, Horace A Blizard, Mosler Safe Co, 1972-11-14, - time delay (not time clock) replaces back plate

2029272 Delayed control time lock, William C Miller, Diebold Safe & Lock Co, 1936-01-28, - time delay (not time clock)
2036767 Delayed control timelock, William C Miller, Paul M Hawkins, Diebold Safe & Lock Co, 1936-04-07, - time delay (not time clock)
2097035 Dual control time-lock, William C Miller, Boughton Earl, Diebold Safe & Lock Co,1937-10-26, - dual count down timers

3719064 Combination lock with lineally movable cam followers and nonsequentially acting tumbler holders, A Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-03-06, - 3rd generation - "Push knob locks are easier to operate because they require no complex program of dial turning. They can be operated by turning the dial in either direction directly to each combination number, and do not require opposite rotations of the dial between successive numbers. Moreover, such locks do not require any predetermined number of turns, or indeed, any turns of the dial between succeeding numbers of the combination."
3727439 Modular key lock having lever tumblers with bendable portions, J Parrock, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-04-17, - lever lock
3772904 Lock with changeable guard and locking keys, J Parrock, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-11-20, - lever lock
4073554 Modular safety deposit box system, Charles D. Oder, Harold G. Doehlman, Mosler Safe Co, 1978-02-14, - construction of the safe deposit box assembly
4238942 Direct dial combination lock with driver-cammed reciprocating tumblers and scrambled combs, Joseph J. Parrock, Sr., Mosler Safe Co, 1980-12-16, - direct dial type (push knob) "However, the lock structures of the three Potzick patents are very complicated. As a result those locks are quite difficult and critical to manufacture and assemble properly. For all their manipulation resistance and simplicity of operation, they are far too expensive for use in any but the most vital installations."
2775115 Manipulation-resistant combination lock, Frederick J Bremer, Mosler Safe Co, 1956-12-25, - "If an unauthorized person attempts to manipulate the lock, it will be seen that no clicking noise can be heard nor can any tumbler notch clicks be felt while the lock indexing spindle is being turned."

3436941 Combination lock with cam-operated tumblers and sequentially engageable tumbler stops, Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1969-04-08, - "A combination lock operated by turning the dial shaft directly to the numbers of the combination, in either direction, which does not require a prescribed program of dial turns in alternate directions. Once dialed, each number is "set" by pushing the shaft axially."

3719064 Combination lock with lineally movable cam followers and nonsequentially acting tumbler holders, A Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-03-06, - "The invention relates to improvements in combination locks of the push knob type, that is, locks wherein the dial is turned to a given angular position and that dial position is "set' into the lock by moving a shaft axially from a neutral position thereby to cause a tumbler to retain or "remember' that angular position during the setting of the other tumblers. "

3981167 Direct-Dial Combination Lock, Peter J. Phillips, 1976-09-21 - "a direct dial lock of the conventional gated tumbler wheel type with a conventional straight bar fence. In that lock, a pin on the drive is engaged with and is successively releasable from drive apertures in the tumbler wheels to allow sequential release of the located tumbler wheels upon axial movement of the driver. As in Bremer, the driver has a smooth cylindrical surface on which the lever nose rides that prevents engagement of the fence bar with the gate openings until the driver has been shifted axially to a tumbler wheel release location which aligns the lever nose with a driver notch. Like Bremer, the Phillips lock is much simpler than the complex Potzick structures. However, because it requires gated tumbler wheels that receive a straight or "unscrambled' fence bar, it is more susceptible to attack. All of the tumblers align at a single position of the fence; and it is far easier to determine that one position that it is to determine the multiple alignment positions of the doubly scrambled Potzick locks.

4516417 Changeable keylock having tumblers with shiftable pivot seats, Joseph J. Parrock, American Standard, 1985-05-14, - lever lock

Yale on Stand
1921 patent date
1.56" back of ring to front of lock

Fig 2 "PACKAGE 7" printed on tape

Fig 3 First generation where the fence rides directly on the disks. Combination change requires mechanical access to the wheel pack on the cover.

Fig 4 The "tube" between the lock case and dial ring looks much stronger than what is typically used. Probably a part of the patented spindle to prevent "Punching".
1398642 - punch proof - special spindle & tube

Fig 1 S&G 8400 Manipulation Proof
No model number info.
Note "butterfly" knob in center of dial.

The two stand feet are removable, i.e. paper doll construction.

Fig 2 Back Side
Manipulation Proof
MP
Sargent & Greenleaf Inc.
Rochester, N.Y,. U.S.A.
Pat. No. 2,576,674
Other pat's pend.
Use 6720
Change key

Group 2 & Historical Patents

On many of the below patent references I've included the class number. I learned about the importance of this when looking for patents in the Sunnyvale Patent Library where they file physical patents in folders that are grouped by class/sub-class number. That's to say they do NOT file patents by patent number since that has no meaning. So once you find a patent you are interested in they it's likely that you will be interested in patents with the same class/sub-class number.

In the list of top class numbers locks are 70.

This page at the USPTO describes all the sub-classes under 70 Locks.

La Guard Patents

4532785 Combination lock, Tim M. Uyeda, La Gard, Inc., Aug 6, 1985, 70/333.00R, 70/322, 70/1.5, 70/115, 70/303.00R

Le Febure Patents

4142388 Tumbler wheels for combination locks, Peter J. Phillips, Mar 6, 1979, 70/316, 70/319 - Combo change key
4197726 Combination locks, Tim M. Uyeda, La Gard, Inc., Apr 15, 1980, 70/332, 70/333.00A, 359/440 - "Dust Guard" - fingerprints not on dial

Sargent & Greenleaf

Patent dates engraved in center of 1870s dial:
Sep 18 1860
30092 Permutation Lock, George Rosner, Sep 18, 1860, - provides for "key change" rather than removing the wheels. (maybe one wheel changed at a time?)
Jan 9 1866
51973 Permutation Lock, James Sargent & H.W. Covert, - includes a change key where the cross section shape of the key matches the keyhole.

57574 [RE4696] Permutation Lock, James Sargent, Aug 28, 1866, 70/329; 70/303A [70/322] - List of Patent Trials

4462230 Changeable safe deposit lock with slidable clamped fences, Walter R. Evans, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Jul 31, 1984 -             5502990 says: "There is a danger with this solution that the code will not be fixed satisfactorily if the screw is not tightened correctly. Another drawback with this lock is that it is not compact enough and consequently it is possible to reach the lock mechanism and "feel" the mechanism with a steel wire or the like inserted into the lock housing."

Aug 28 1866
57508 Lock, E.R. Hopkins, - push/pull dial to throw bolt
July 14 1857
17804 Permutation Lock, L.F. Munger - pins on tumblers drive adjacent tumbler
78310 Permutation Lock, D.K. Miller, May 26, 1868,
July 16 1871
116737 Improved Permutation Lock, D.K. Miller, July 4, 1871 - (28 May 1868?) - dial pushed in after combination dialed to activate bolt.

47575 Lock, James Sargent & H.W. Covert, May 2, 1865 - keeps the dog from contacting the tumbler rims.

D251233 Combined dial ring and removable center bearing assembly for combination locks and the like, James C. Miller, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Mar 6, 1979, - design for the S&G bushing.

1484692 Lock, Weber Eugene R, Sargent & Greenleaf, Feb 26, 1924, 70/303.00R, 70/317, 70/323, 70/322 - Looks like a Group 2 body, position (gravity) independent but only one notch on cam. To prevent opening by driving spindle i.e. "punching" the mounting holes have thin walls so the whole lock body will move rather than the back cover. Also how a changeable combination can be done.

Pearl Harbor (Wiki)

2575674 Permutation lock, Harry C Miller, Filed: Mar 26, 1949, Pub: Nov 20, 1951, 70/284, 70/323, 70/303.00A, 70/333.00R

"The primary object of the present invention is to provider a combination lock in which a manipulation of the dial will not give any indication of the position of the gates in any of the tumblers." Magic Module size.

Done in response to the problem of 7 Dec 1941 when the military could NOT open safes that had time locks.
see above photo

2807954 Combination lock, Miller Harry C, Filed: Jul 6, 1954, Pub: Oct 1, 1957, 70/333.00R, 70/303.00R, 70/323
                Improvement on 2575954 in that the prior lock was susceptible to wear out of the mechanism allowing manipulation.
2925726 Combination lock, Miller Harry C, Filed: Oct 3, 1951, Pub: Feb 23, 1960, - nose & notch to keep fence from riding on wheels. - fix after Pearl Harbor.
4163376 Tumbler wheel combination locks with torque adjuster means, Benson L. Miller, Steven Helesfai, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Aug 7, 1979, 70/303.00A, 70/323
                "An object of the present invention, therefore, is the provision of a novel combination lock construction of the tumbler wheel type, wherein means are provided for setting and varying the wheel tension force or torque characteristics of the lock." - R6700, 6730 and many other models.
3968667 Combination lock construction - 8500 series
4359883 Time delay combination lock, Charles G. Bechtiger, James C. Miller, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Nov 23, 1982
4512167 Variable position quick mount combination lock, Joseph M. Remenicky, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Apr 23, 1985 - provides for RH, LH, VU and VD lock body positions.
5473919 Manipulation resistant combination lock with magnets, Roy T. Abner, Brian D. Costley, Dec 12, 1995 - uses magnets to prevent finding the notch contact points, i.e. anti manipulation - ? model number?

S&G 8088 padlock

2573189 Guard for resetting mechanisms of combination locks, Otto H Eiffert, Jr Howard S Thomas, Oct 30, 1951 -
2625032 Combination lock with tumbler upsetting mechanism, Otto H Eiffert, Jr Howard S Thomas, Jan 13, 1953, 70/23, 70/303.00R, 70/314, 70/133 - 8088
2673457 Exposed shackle combination padlock, Miller Harry C, Mar 30, 1954, 70/25, 70/333.00R, 70/303.00R, 70/303.00A - 8088
2775112 Combination resetting guard for exposed shackle padlock, Taylor James L, Dec 25, 1956 - to prevent access to the key change hole - no a product
2780087 Combination resetting guard for combination padlocks, Miller Harry C, (not S&G), Feb 5, 1957 - to prevent access to the key change hole - no a product
2814940 Exposed shackle combination padlock, Miller Harry C, Dec 3, 1957 - to prevent drilling dial and replacing it, an upgrade to the 8088, not a product
2852928 Combination lock actuating mechanism, Miller Harry C, (not S&G), Sep 23, 1958 -

S&G 8077 Padlock
3533253 Changeable combination padlock, Helesfai Steven, Miller Harry C, Paul George D, Oct 13, 1970, - 8077
"...improve the security of the padlock against unauthorized manipulation and against unauthorized access to the combination changing mechanism of the padlock. " . . . "For example, when the padlock is of the type having a combination change key opening in the rear cover of the lock casing through which the change key is inserted to change the combination, this opening needs to be especially protected to prevent possible observation of the tumbler wheels, or at least the rearmost tumbler wheel, by unauthorized persons and to protect against insertion of small pieces of material, such as shim stock, through the change key opening to detect the lock combination or manipulate the internal lock mechanism." . . . "When the dials of such exposed shackle combination padlocks are located externally of the padlock casing, persons seeking unauthorized operation of the lock can readily drill through the exposed dial and casing to inspect the interior of the padlock and determine the combination, and then replace the damaged dial With a new matching dial to disguise the fact that the lock has been tampered with."
YouTube: sg 8088.mp4 - shim change key hole ;

Diebold
106472 Permutation lock, Charles Diebold & Jacob Obernesser, Aug 16, 1870,
1544893 (Pick Proof key type) Lock, Diebold Charles J, Jul 7, 1925, 70/134, 70/355,
2029272 Delayed control time lock, Miller William C, Jan 28, 1936, 70/268 - has the look and feel of a Group 2 lock body
2656705 Combination lock, Behrens Herbert C, Diebold Inc, FIled: Dec 2, 1949, Pub: Oct 27, 1953, 70/133, 70/303.00A -
                Has the look and feel of a UL 768 Group 2 lock. Mentions 30 minutes to manipulate a lock open.
                This can be prevented by adding a tounge at the back of the bolt that engages notches in the tumblers.
                Calls:
                1956304 Combination Lock, Abbott Albert L, Miller Charles H, Diebold Safe & Lock Co, Apr 24, 1934, 70/317 - uses change key - Group 2 form factor

Mosler Safe Co. (Mosler Lock Co.)

Sticker: Key Change protected by one or more of these patents:
3038325 Tamper proof combination lock, Maynard Robert W, Mosler Safe Co, Jun 12, 1962 - prevent lockout after mistaken combo change
3073145 Manipulation resistant combination lock, Potzick Anthony J, Mosler Lock Company, Jan 15, 1963, fast moving fence to defeat sound & feel attacks
3106083 Tamper proof combination lock, Robert W Maynard, Mosler Safe Co, Oct 8, 1963 - mitigate sound & feel attacks
3111022 Tamper proof lock, Robert W Maynard, Mosler Safe Co, Nov 19, 1963 - cover removed or heat causes relock
3702551 Time delay combination locks, Blizard Horace A, Mosler Safe Co, Nov 14, 1972 - adds a time delay after combo correctly dialed Delayed Action Time Lock - winding axis coaxial with spindle axis saving gearing.

682221 Safe, Moses Mosler, Sep 10, 1901,

2775115 Manipulation-resistant combination lock, Dec 25, 1956

788325 Circular-door safe, Moses Mosler, Apr 25, 1905, - door taper fit
971344 Safe or Vault, Carl Bartels, Sep 27, 1910, drum shaped vault with circular door
2609679 Safe lock, Bauer George J, Bremer Frederick J, Mosler Safe Co, Sep 9, 1952, 70/1.5, 70/379.00R, 70/422, 70/355 -

283136 Method of bending angle-iron, Moses Mosler, Aug. 14, 1883, - a way to lower cost of construction - List of Patent Trials
Patent numbers on a Mosler 302 (see above) group 1R combo lock (appears to have plastic rims on wheels with cast numbers, no change key:
3373583 Combination lock with normally masked driver gate - adds nose and notch to keep fence from contacting tunblers
3702551 Time delay combination locks
3772904 Lock with changeable guard and locking keys - A two key lever tumbler lock with at least two sets of tumblers
3386275 Key changeable tumbler construction for combination locks
3727439 Modular key lock having lever tumblers with bendable portions
4238942 Direct dial combination lock with driver-cammed reciprocating tumblers and scrambled combs, Joseph J. Parrock, Sr., Mosler Safe Co, 1980-12-16, -
Sticker on Mosler TL-30 safe 39" x 32" x 39" with half dozen combination lock compartments:
2735541 Device for Storing Paper Money and Coins, Arthur R. Mosler, Feb 21, 1956
2770516 Depositing machines, Mestre Luis, Mosler Safe Co, Nov 13, 1956,
2775114 Combination lock, Lee Cora A, Filed: Jan 3, 1949, Pub: Dec 25, 1956, - manipulation proof
2775115 Manipulation-resistant combination lock, Bremer Frederick J, Mosler Safe Co, Dec 25, 1956
2775947 Repository or safe, Arthur R Mosler, Mosler Safe Co, Jan 1, 1957 - key lock compartments for each salesperson
2796308 Power driven multiple revolving card files, Knittel Emil E, Jun 18, 1957
2858691 Key changed tumbler clamp, Hoffman Ray L, Mosler Lock Company, Nov 4, 1958 - square drive change key
2881612 Combination lock construction, Bremer Frederick J, Norris Smith Charles, Apr 14, 1959
2888115 Combined clutch and brake, Knittel Emil E, May 26, 1959 - for motorized file cabinet
2985726 Selector switch for rotary files, Handel Siegfried K, Mosler Safe Co, May 23, 1961
3038325 Tamper proof combination lock, Maynard Robert W, Mosler Safe Co, Jun 12, 1962
3015342 Blast closure, Charles D Price, Jan 2, 1962 - closes air duct if outside explosion
3059984 Control circuit for motor driven file, Handel Siegfried K, Mosler Safe Co, Oct 23, 1962
3073145 Manipulation resistant combination lock, Potzick Anthony J, Mosler Lock Company, Jan 15, 1963
3076329 Time lock, Maynard Robert W, Mosler Safe Co, Feb 5, 1963 - time delaysa
3106083 Tamper proof combination lock, Robert W Maynard, Mosler Safe Co, Oct 8, 1963
3111022 Tamper proof lock, Robert W Maynard, Mosler Safe Co, Nov 19, 1963
3119394 Power driven rotating card files, Knittel Emil E, Mosler Safe Co, Jan 28, 1964
3120117 Tamper proof combination lock, Robert W Maynard, Mosler Safe Co, Feb 4, 1964
3128728 Heat resistant money safe door, Russell F Houston, Apr 14, 1964 - to defeat torch cutting by using copper
3139047 Safe door construction, Robert W Maynard, Mosler Safe Co, Jun 30, 1964 - circular tapered door for money safe
3254219 Nuclear blast detector and alarm system, Finlay Joseph M, Price Charles D, Mosler Safe Co, May 31, 1966 - uses vacuum tube in sensor and indoor transistorized circuit to detect double peak
3296952 Blast closure, Harry J Lingal, Mosler Safe Co, Jan 10, 1967 - shock wave adtuated
3386275 Key changeable tumbler construction for combination locks, Potzick Anthony J, Mosler Safe Co, Jun 4, 1968
3371627 Modular interior storage safe, Leland W Belew, Mosler Safe Co, Mar 5, 1968 - for magnetic media
3373583 Combination lock with normally masked driver gate, Parrock Joseph J, Mosler Lock Company, Mar 19, 1968 - an additional number is dialed after the combination to unmask the gate.
3383887 Combination lock, Joseph V Baum, Jeremy M Harris, Henry E Hull, Mosler Safe Co, May 21, 1968 - push button sequence
3418951 Security file, Leland W Belew, Dec 31, 1968 -
3420155 Delay latch for blast valves, Charles E Slater, Mosler Safe Co, Jan 7, 1969
3421461 Safe, Albert R St Clair, Robert W Maynard, Jan 14, 1969 - auto closing doors in event of fire
3426707 Security file, Heyl Leo W, Maynard Robert W, Mosler Safe Co, Feb 11, 1969 - Class 5
3481166 Lock timer, Lingal Harry J, Mosler Safe Co, Dec 2, 1969 - add-on pneumatic time delay
3518856 Combination lock with cam follower positioned,cumulatively arrested tumbler elements, Potzick Anthony J, Mosler Safe Co, Jul 7, 1970 - looks complicated (expensive)
3650226 Document destruct file, John P Conroy, Kendall H Grimes, Robert W Maynard, Mosler Safe Co, Mar 21, 1972 - so that documents can be destroyed to prevent enemy capture
3702551 Time delay combination locks, Blizard Horace A, Mosler Safe Co, Nov 14, 1972 - piggy back single axis add-on to a group 2 lock
Winding occurs after the first combo number is set and the dial is turned CW for the second number but only for part of a turn then the dial is free turning as before.
                References:
                2029272 Delayed control time lock, Miller William C, Diebold Safe & Lock Co, Jan 28, 1936 - single escapement
                2036767 Delayed control time lock, Hawkins Paul M, Miller William C, Diebold Safe & Lock Co, Apr 7, 1936 - dual escapement
                2097035 Dual control time-lock, Earl Boughton, Miller William C, Dicbold Safe & Lock Co (sic), Oct 26, 1937 - dual escapement

Yale (Wiki)
Known for pin tumbler locks, post office box parts, safes and vaults and their combination or time locks. But also patented related items such as: 402878, 496799, 499622, 512071 compound chain hoist (handy for safes, vaults and their doors, key making related metal working machines, Skid Wiki: (pallet) 1944845.

10584 Bank-Lock, Linus Yale, Feb 28, 1854 70/419; 70/393; 70/491-

RE1470 Lock, Linus Yale, Apr 28, 1863, 70/305 - Combination with crank List of Patent Trials

111587 Permutation Lock, H.R. Towne, Feb 7, 1871, - combination
668049 Combination-lock, Paul Nash, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Feb 12, 1901, - pull dial to change combination
672911 Combination-lock, Schuyler Merritt, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Apr 30, 1901 - tumblers on cover of cylindrical housing
685289 Lock, Frank W Mix, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Oct 29, 1901 - warded key @ bottom center type padlock
805103 Tumbler for combination-locks, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Nov 21, 1905, - improvement on 233950 Permutation Lock, improvement on 153588, Combination Locks, W.K. Marvin, Jule 28, 1874, -
840269 Safe-bolt mechanism and lock, Warren H Taylor, Jan 1, 1907 - not Group 2 - spindle centerline outside lock body outline so punching spindle has no effect.
876028 Spindle for dial-locks, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Jan 7, 1908 - weak points added to prevent "punching" - does not look like a workable idea
907915 Changeable combination-lock, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Dec 29, 1908, - vault lock with spindle center line outside lock box
985609 Method of making tumblers for combination-locks, Rollin C Lewis, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Feb 28, 1911 - drive pins not separate parts. looks like movable flys
1092874 Combination-lock, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Apr 14, 1914, - change key and boxed lock, modern look
1166232 Releasing-slide for combination-locks, Rollin C Lewis, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Dec 28, 1915 - not group 2 -
1283255 Time-lock movement, Charles A Miller, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Oct 29, 1918 - simplify adjustment - single escapement
1296538 Lock, R.C. Lewis, Mar 4, 1919, - about lock body cover - looks like Group 2 - wheel pack on cover - re-locking?
1395845 Dial-lock, Lewis Rollin C, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Nov 1, 1921 - re-lock against "Punching"

1398642 Dial-lock, Lewis Rollin C, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Nov 29, 1921 -
Note anti "Punching" cone on spindle near dial ring.
Has the look and feel of the Group 2 lock case, but non standard tube.
Note nearby patents by R.C. Lewis.
See Yale lock on stand above

1403793 Dial Lock, Rollin C Lewis, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Jan 17, 1922 - re-locker
1583402 Combination dial lock, Lewis Rollin C, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, May 4, 1926 - numbers on tumblers 2-pronged change key, but not Group-2 outline (cylindrical case)
194274 Bolting-mechanism for safe and vault doors, H.R. Towne, The Yale lock Manufacturing Company, Aug 14, 1877 - provides for two independent locks so if one fails the other can open the door.
2043205 Lock, Frank E Thompson, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Jun 2, 1936 - mushroom pins for pin-tumbler lock
206147 Safe and Vault Fastening, E. Stockwell, July 16, 1878, - round door cogged and dogged with only time lock.
232086 Dials for Locks, E. Stockwell, W.H. Taylor, Sep 7, 1880, - instead of casting the whole dial, sheet metal is combined with a cast knob.
240783 Dial for Permutation Lock, E. Stockwell, Apr 26, 1881, 70/445; 16/DIG.30; 403/325; 403/9; 70/210; 74/553
2672042 Combination lock, George Willis D, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Mar 16, 1954, - manipulation proof

Calls:
1092843 Combination Lock, R.C. Lewis, Apr 14, 1914, - has key on back side to lock lid to body (seems like a poor idea)
1484692 see S&G 1484692 above

408550 Rod Handle for Locks, W.H. Taylor, Aug 6 1889
408552 Rod Handle for Locks, Henry R. Towne, Aug 6, 1889
672911 Combination-lock, Schuyler Merritt, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Apr 30, 1901 - re-locker (he called it supplementary dogging device.
713714 Safety concussion device for locking appliances, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Nov 18, 1902 - explosives or sledge hammer hits cause re-locking
1077077 Electric protective device for safe and vault doors, Hermann Huhn, Henry R Huhn, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Oct 28, 1913 - prevent alarm from sounding just after time lock has been set but before door closed.
1904383 Safe deposit lock, Mosely William P, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Apr 18, 1933 -
2431894 Lock, Spain, Roy C, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Dec 2, 1947, - high security key lock

York
1693731 Lock, Frederick Sioberg Charles, York Safe And Lock Co, Dec 4, 1928 - safe deposit lock
                 5502990 says: "This lock mechanism is also comparatively complicated and bulky, i.e. it suffers generally the same drawbacks as those encountered with the afore described lock construction of Evans."

Lever (Wiki)

Lever locks have been around since the late 1700s and work with a bitted key (Wiki). UK door locks use these because of insurance rules. These are also used in safe deposit boxes (Wiki) and money safes where the front door is a combination lock and the lever lock is in the back.

It may be that sheet metal stamping was very inexpensive way to make high volume parts when compared with a lathe turning parts. This would make lever locks much less costly than pin tumbler locks until chucker lathes or later Swiss Screw Machines (Wiki) were commonplace. Note early flashlights used a lot of sheet metal parts that were not only stamped but also bent into complex shapes automatically.

YouTube: Open lock Mauer 74046 - to see how a level lock works, Вскрытие Сейфа - picking tool for lever locks, G & C 7 Lever Safe Lock - assembly & picking,
2 in 1 Pick Clicker - picking tool for lever locks (with videos)

8071 Lock and Key, L. Yale Jr., May 8, 1851, 70/354; 70/414; 70/452; 70/453 - not clear how it works, but there appear to be four lever wafers.

10660 March 21, 1854, 70/421; 188/193; 70/416; 70/DIG.27 - "Locks are ordinarily picked either
first by pressing back the bolt or its stump against the tumblers and then moving the tumbler up and down till the absence of any resistance indicates to the fine touch the position of the recess made to receive the stump; or
second, by drilling into the side of the lock from the front of the door and then by the use of proper instruments bringing the recesses of the tumblers into a line so as to shoot back the bolt; or
third, by filing the bolt so that when unlocked the key will turn and spring the tumblers without entirely springing the bolt; or
forth, by introducing powder sufficient to blow up the lock and release its fastenings.

13968 Lock, T. Bowles, Dec 18, 1855, 70/139; 37/184; 70/387; 70/423 - push key lever lock "The first of these defects i sthe inability to get at the lock without breaking out the plaster or composition in which the lock is usually embedded within the door; a second is in the position of the tumblers or sectors. These are placed so near to the front edge of the lock that they are not fully protected from fire, and as the key acts directly upon them in operating, they are in a situation to be easily tampered with for packing (picking?). Another defect is the ease with which when unlocked an impression or pattern for the constructing of a key can be taken, there being at that particular time no safeguard whatever. If is only to thrust in a row of short wires until their ends strike against the tumblers and drawn them all out so as to preserve those positions, when the exact form for the edge of the key will be obtained."

172899 Lock for Drawers &c., W.H. Taylor, (not assigned), Feb 1, 1876, 70/86; 70/DIG.77 - flat key notches on both sides
197683 Drawer-Lock, W.H. Taylor, Yale Lock Mfg Co., Nov 27, 1877, 70/86; 70/134; 70/355; 70/380; 70/447; 70/453 -"... improved construction of the talon for throwing the lock bolt, and of the nosing or key-barrel."

197910 Drawer Lock, Warren H. Taylor, The yale Lock Manumcturing Company (sic),Dec 4, 1877 -

410610 Lock, M. Riedinger, Sept 10, 1889, -
481736 Lock, J. Roche, The Eagle lock Company, Aug 30, 1892, 70/339 - safe deposit box, single keyhole, guard and tenant keys

690537 Changeable-combination key-lock, Warren H Taylor, Jan 7, 1902 - lever type
635783 Lock, William B Kelsey, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Oct 31, 1899, 70/355; 70/134; 70/453 - 4-lever cabinet lock
90537 Changeable-combination key-lock, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Jan 7, 1902 -
993908 Safe-deposit lock, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, May 30, 1911 - single keyhole, first custodian partially unlocks then the box renter uses his key
2 46605 Lock, Frederick Egge, Smith & Egge Mfg Co., Sep 6, 1881, 70/355; 70/405; 70/453
1049648 Lock for safety-deposit boxes, Edgar M Benham, Bankers Dust Proof Time Lock Company, Jan 7, 1913, 70/385 - bank president's key in guardian key slot to re-key
1271632 Lock, Henry G Voight, Sargent & Co, Jul 9, 1918, 70/134, 70/337, 70/340
1417148 Lock, Diesel William F, Price William R, Sargent & Greenleaf, May 23, 1922, - single key
1431381 Adjustable lock, William F Diesel, Eugene R Weber, Sargent & Greenleaf, Oct 10, 1922, 70/385 -
1447865 Lock, Frank Kihm, Albert M Hoffheimer, Filed: Sep 13, 1920, Pub: Mar 6, 1923, 70/385 - safe deposit - rekey by changing tumblers
1561207 Changeable-combination key lock, Benham Edgar M, Mosler Lock Company, Nov 10, 1925, 70/385, 70/339 - Tenant, Guard & Change keys
1522573 Changeable combination key lock, Benham Edgar M, Mosler Lock Company, Jan 13, 1925, 70/385, 70/339 - Safe Deposit Lock 192847
1534495 Interchangeable combination key lock, Benham Edgar M, Mosler Lock Company, Filed: Apr 26, 1922, Pub: Apr 21, 1925, 70/385, 70/339 -
1374310 Changeable combination key lock, Willey Marvel Edward, (no company), Apr 12, 1921, 70/385 - see 1543447 (he sold to or worked for Mosler)
1543447 Changeable combination key lock, Willey Marvel Edward, Mosler Lock Company, Filed: Jan 5, 1922, Pub: Jun 23, 1925, 70/385, 70/339 - safe deposit - special key for changing renter key
            Calls: 1166380 Key-lock, Dec 28, 1915
                       1166381 Key-lock, Dec 28, 1915
                       1145870 Changeable-combination key-lock, Jul 6, 1915

1901229 Multiple key lock, Diesel William F, Sargent & Greenleaf, filed: May 18, 1929, Pub: Mar 14, 1933, 70/385, 70/339, - Safe Deposit Lock - similar to the 4400 series, but not the same
3983728 Double changeable key lock for safe deposit boxes and the like, Peter J. Phillips, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Oct 5, 1976 -
1573741 Lock, Earl Parent William, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Filed: May 25, 1922, Pub: Feb 16, 1926, 70/385 - lockers allows re-keying w/o removing lock
1826595 Interchangeable key lock, Benham Edgar M, Mosler Lock Company, Oct 6, 1931 -
3727439 Modular key lock having lever tumblers with bendable portions (see above), Parrock J, Mosler Safe Co, Apr 17, 1973 - M5700
3772904 Lock with changeable guard and locking keys, Parrock J, Mosler Safe Co, Nov 20, 1973, 70/339, 70/355, 70/383 -
3837196 Key changing lock for safe deposit boxes, Gartner K, Higgins E, Van Ryne R, Sep 24, 1974, 70/339, 70/383, 70/355 - safe deposit box
3884058 Key-actuated locks, Reynolds Ronald, Terry Peter Alfred, May 20, 1975, - difficult to drill or pick
3983728 Double changeable key lock for safe deposit boxes and the like, Peter J. Phillips,

3991596 Tumbler wheel, changeable combination key lock construction, Klaus W. Gartner, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Nov 16, 1976 -
had problem with jamming, so 4375159 solves that. ** don't understand it**

4375159 Changeable combination tumbler wheel type key lock, Charles G. Bechtiger, Jacques Peyronnet, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Mar 1, 1983,
Looks on the outside like the 6880 lever lock and uses a very similar key, ** don't understand it**

4290287 Double changeable key lock for safe deposit boxes and the like, James P. Peppard, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Sep 22, 1981
4516417 Changeable keylock having tumblers with shiftable pivot seats, Joseph J. Parrock, American Standard Inc., May 14, 1985 - Safe Deposit Box
5502990 says: 4836000 Lever tumbler lock, Jorma Hirvi, Ab Fas Lasfabrik, Jun 6, 1989 - references 246605 above
5072604 Closure system consisting of a lock and a plurality of keys, Armin Eisermann, Schulte-Schlagbaum Aktiengesellschaft, Dec 17, 1991 - key looks like an "X" end on.
5502990 Recodable lever tumbler lock for use in high security safes, Jorma Hirvi, Sargent & Greenleaf, Apr 2, 1996, 8600 Series of lever locks
6519989 Lever lock unit, Jorma Hirvi, Ab Fas Lasfabrik, Feb 18, 2003, 70/492, 70/495, 70/409, 70/419 - European door type
6868706 3-action lock barrel, Bor-Ching Lin, Mar 22, 2005, 70/492, 70/352, 70/392, 70/377 - disk tumbler - not lever

Photos
The S&G/FAS 6880 has a number of features saying "do not open me". S&G web page for lever key operated locks and Safe Deposit Locks
I expect this lock is as secure if not more secure than a Group 2 combination lock. But you have the problem of what to do with the huge key when it's not being used.
It can hardly be put on your key chain.
S&G's Magic Module footprint like their group 1 and group 2 locks.

This is an improvement on the 6804 and 4500 Safe Deposit Box locks which used an Alan screw as part of the re-keying operation and if not properly tightened might result in a lock-out.

S&G 6880 Safe Key Lock
in same package as the above Group 1 & 2 locks.
see 5502990

Bolt is tapped with screws installed to connect to door bolt work.

Yale & Towne 8-Lever Safe Deposit Box Lock

This lock seems much too big and heavy to be for a safe deposit box. But that's what the patent says it's for. Two keys are required to open it. First the guard key is used to unlock the tenant side. Then the tenant key is used to open the bolt. There are 4 levers on each side. The flat keys might be in the 0.060" thick range. The guard key might be 0.25" wide and the tenant key might be 0.350" wide.
None of the modern safe deposit box keys will fit either keyway, either they are too thick or too wide. The guard key may have been a weakness in that it's narrower than any key I know about.

I found the patent before opening the lock but discovered the patent date was hidden when the bolt is in the locked position. Most likely done on purpose to conceal patent unless you have keys to open lock.

This particular lock may have been a salesman's sample since both the tenant and guard wafers are all at the same depth. Again I don't see how this is a viable safe deposit lock since it's much to costly to build compared to other safe deposit box locks. But it may be suitable for a safe or vault door, like the above S&G/FAS 6880. I located this lock just below the S&G because they both have the same look and feel.

In operation the guard would use his narrow key to set the lock then remove the key. Next the tenant would insert his key and open the lock. When the tenant locks the lock it resets the guard side. A possible problem is that a lazy guard might just unlock all the locks in the vault so that the tenant could quickly access their box. The problem being that would eliminate the function of the guard and is probably why this lock was not used in any great numbers.

One idea is that this lock was designed for a very high security application where two people needed to be present in order to open the lock, not the common guard and tenant arrangement.

Fig 1 Yale & Towne logo

Fig 2
406487 Lock, July 9, 1899

Fig 3 Note date on bolt that was hidden when bolt was in locked position July 9, 1899
I saw this after finding and posting the patent.

Fig 4 tenant levers are all the same depth.
Fig 5
Fig 6 Holes allow seeing status of tenant and guard locks.
Fig 7 Size Comparison

406487 Lock, Warren H. Taylor, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING (sic), Jul 9, 1889, 70/339 - See Fig 1 above
690537 Changeable-combination key-lock, Warren H Taylor, Jan 7, 1902 - lever type very similar to 406487 (same inventor)
993908 Safe-deposit lock, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, May 30, 1911 - single keyhole, first custodian partially unlocks then the box renter uses his key

1374310 Changeable-combination key-lock, Willey Marvel Edward, Apr 12, 1921,70/385 - has a very similar dual key slot & identical top and bottom views - tenant side easily rekeyed

references:
1166380 Key-lock, Edward Willey Marvel, Dec 28, 1915, 70/339, 70/340, 70/385 -
1166381 Key-lock, Edward Willey Marvel, Dec 28, 1915, 70/339 -
1145870 Changeable-combination key-lock, Edward Willey Marvel, Jul 6, 1915, 70/385, 70/353, 70/339 -

Yale 10-Lever Safe Deposit Box Lock

This lock is similar to the one above but there are notable differences.

There is provision for 5 tenant and 5 guard wafers, even though only 2 guard wafers are installed in this lock.

There are 2 key noses instead of the single nose. Modern safe deposit box locks use two noses so that it's easy for the guard and tenant to both turn their keys. This is needed because the guard key needs to be in the unlock position while the tenant turns their key to unlock the lock.

The guard key is a standard 0.060" thick by 0.240" wide flat key. But the tenant key is 0.080" thick by 0.300" wide has longitudinal grooves (wards). This differs from modern safe deposit keys in that they are both flat keys. My guess is that both this lock and the one above were used inside jewelry store safes (vaults) to secure deposit boxes holding move value than the common bank safe deposit boxes and that makes these two locks and the S&G key operated lock all in a different class of lock than the bank vault type safe deposit locks.

Fig 1

Fig 2
Fig 3
Fig 4 casting marked: P8900, RH

Guardian 03-877

This lock came on a door made from solid steel1/2" x 5" x 3". Inside the cast box is the number 03-887. There are 5 spring loaded wafers on the tenant side and 2 on the guard side. The tenant nose if 0.840" dia and the guard nose is 0.685" dia. The tenant key is 0.045" thk x 0.373" wide. The ILCO 1221L guard key is 0.050" thk x 0.283" wide.

The front plate on the lock (Fig 5) is marked 03-899 and inside the cast box (Fig 6) is marked 03-877.

Fig 1

Fig 2
Fig 3

Fig 4
Fig 5
Fig 6 casting marked 03-8

S&G 4440 Safe Deposit Box Lock

This is a common lever lock where there are two keys required to open. The tenant or renter key and the guard key (held by the bank).
These come in Right Hand and Left Hand versions depending on which way the safe deposit box door is hinged.
The tenant key is wider (8 mm) than the guard (7.1mm) key so it's clear here each key goes.
There are 6 levers on the tenant lock but only 5 levers on the guard lock. each level is stamped with a bit number.
Key is 0.07" thick. The tenant key mechanism has a cam at the bottom of the lever pack that's uses to retract the bolt. The guard key, when turned, allows the tenant key to open the lock.

The 4400 series are come in right and left handed versions, but the 4500 series can be installed either way so is not handed. (S&G web page)
The 4500 series can be re-keyed without disassemble, but the 4400 series requires a lever pack change for keying. (S&G web page)

The lock barrels are slightly over 1/2" proud of the lock body so designed for a door thickness of 1/2".
The diameter of the barrel is 0.672" (17.07mm) so the hole in the door might be 11/16" (17.5mm)?

It may be the case that the guard and tenant tumblers (wafers) are the same. The Mosler M5700 uses different tumblers for the tenant and guard functions.

Model
Comment

4400
since 1922

4442
matches Diebold 175

4443
matches Mosler 5700

4444
for B & C rate safe doors
pick & pull resistant
long throw bolt

Key Marked Sargent & Greenleaf, D 18207 (maybe bitting code (Wiki)?) 4319 (probably box number).

1431381 Adjustable lock, William F Diesel, Eugene R Weber, Sargent & Greenleaf, Oct 10, 1922, 70/385 -

Fig 1 Front view, note gates are all aligned in hole to the right,
but not at the left.

Fig 2 Back
Fig 3 Inside with tenant key,

Fig 4 Tenant key aligned levers, note false notches
Fig 5 Lock open, Note false notches on tenant side bar,
but not on guard side bar. A 2 stump design.

Tenant levers top to bottom: 2 0 1 4 4 7Guard levers top to bottom: 2 2 4 6 4I think that both the renter and guard locks support up to 7 levers.
Lever Safe Deposit Locks (S&G 4400 and Mosler M5700)

S&G 4100 & Other PO Box Locks

These PO Box locks have a similar look and feel and may or may not all be made by S&G.

Fig 1 S&G Lever Lock + Cutler Mail Chute Co., Rochester, NY

Fig 2 S&G Lever Lock + Cutler Mail Chute Co., Rochester, NY

Fig 3 S&G 4101 pin tumbler lock
Fig 4 S&G 4101 pin tumbler lock

Fig 8 S&G 4110 Series Cabinet Lock
               see patent 1431381 above

Fig 9 S&G 4110

Fig 10 The 7 wafers are all the same, the fence is adjustable.

Fig 11 S&G Locker Combination Lock
This appears to be almost the same mechanism as the PO Box lock
in Fig 7 below, except this version has 3 wheels.

Fig 12 S&G Locker Combination Lock
The hole in the lower left and the hole in Fig 6 below
are both over the fence and so can be used to set the wheels
to the open position, but it's not clear how to determine the combination.
Fig 13 S&G Locker Combination Lock
3 wheels

Fig 5 2-wheel Combination PO Box lock
If you know maker let me know.
Fig 6 2-wheel Combination PO Box lock
Does not open with printed combo.
Fig 7 Combination PO Box lock
2 wheels

Post Office Box Doors Historical

Alvin

1353064 Combination-lock for letter-boxes, Adolph Olevin, Alvin Electrical Products Comp, Sep 14, 1920, 70/286 -

Barney
471262 Combination-lock, George L. Barney, Mar 22, 1892, 70/304 - 2-dial vertical, easy to use M to X & A to L
564268 Keyless Lock, G.L. Barney, July 21, 1896, 70/304 - 2-dial vertical, easy to use M to X & A to L
591045 Keyless lock, J.S. Kittle, G.L. Barney & J.L. Glough, Oct 5, 1897, 70/304 70/314 - 2-dial side-by-side, M to X & A to L
Art Novelty Co.

365177 Combination-lock, Benjamin Fey, Jun 21, 1887, 70/304 - 2- dial side-by-side M to X & A to L
380028 Combination-lock, Benjamin Fey, Art Novelty Co., Mar 27, 1888, 70/304 - 2- dial side-by-side
Am. P.O. Equip. Co.

Dec. 31, 1901 (664,827 - 690,384)
691273 Keyless Lock, Charles F. Keller, Chicago, Jan 14, 1902, 70/314 -
729945 Lock-box Front, George L Lavery, American Post Office Equipment Company, Jun 2, 1903 -

Eagle Lock Co.
Jan. 1, 1895 (531,619 - 522,501)
531656 Combination-pad lock, Joseph E. Spencer, Jan 1, 1895 - close but not for post office box
531676 Permutation-pad lock, J.J. Deal, Jan 1, 1895 - close but not for post office box
531902 Permutation-lock - not PO Box lock

Jan. 26, 1892 (446,315 - 488,975)
465315 Permutation-padlock, Epheaim R. Benefiel, Dec 15, 1891 - close but not PO Box
555336 Permutation Lock, James Roche, The Eagle lock Company, Feb 25, 1896, 70/304; 70/314 -
854427 Permutation-lock, James J Murphy, Eagle Lock Co, May 21, 1907, 70/314 - single dial A to S
988649 Permutation post-office lock, James J Murphy, Eagle Lock Co, Apr 4, 1911, 70/314 - single dial combination,

1025538 Permutation-lock, James Roche, Eagle Lock Co, May 7, 1912, -easy to change combination

Lewis C. Thompson, Indianapolis, Indiana

602114 Combination Lock, Lewis C. Thompson, Apr 12, 1898, 70/304 -

Keyless Lock Co. (Morris Lock Company, L.B. Williams Lock Co.; Mills Kkeyless Lock Co.)

In addition to making post office box doors they also made safe coin banks (Safe Bank Collector)

2 Dial Vertical

Based on patent 551151 Dec 10, 1895.

The construction is all sheet metal, unlike the other doors that are cast.
This design uses one number per dial and is much simpler in operation than the single dial multiple number combination lock. Note that each wheel has false gates for every dial position to defeat manipulation.

551151 Lock, Dec 10, 1895

Fig 1

Fig 2
Fig 7

349168 Combination Lock, J.H. & T. D. Morris, Sep. 14, 1886, 70/304 70/323 - 2-dial vertical
386554 Latch, J.H. & T. D. Morris, Jul 24, 1888, 292/128 70/304 - so postmaster can open door for tenant who forgot combination
351995 Permutation Lock, J.H. & T. D. Morris, Nov. 2, 1886, 70/304 - 2-dial vertical
368543 Permutation-lock, J.H. & T. D. Morris, Aug 16, 1887, 70/304 70/328 - 2-dial vertical both A to L
380266 Lock Strike, J.H. & T. D. Morris, Mar 27, 1888, 292/341.15 292/341.18 70/304 - 2- dial side-by-side - push dial to open bolt
551151 Lock, George L. Barney, (no company), Dec 10, 1895, -

Single Dial 3 Number

This is a three number single dial combination lock, very similar to what's used on safes and vaults. Note in Fig 8 that the fence does not have a straight face, but instead the center part sticks out so that it will always contact the center wheel when the dial has been spun. Also note that the fence is hinged so that the position of the fence when the dial is spun is different than the position when opening. This also means that once the bolt closes the fence comes out of the gates and rides on the center wheel. It may be that the shape of the fence has the same effect as adding false gates?

See Ref 12 for a way to figure out the combination by manipulation.

3-1/2 x 5"

832417

Fig 3
Fig 4
Fig 5

Fig 6
Fig 8

5-1/2 x 6" Pot Metal Cover
The lock body was made of pot metal and had many cracks. The center post that supports the wheels was broken. I was hopping to discover the purpose of the lever, but it's difficult now. One of the wheels is frozen onto the center post, that should not happen.
These cast lock body locks should be avoided since the have problems with cracking, breaking and freezing. The stamped brass lock versions are far superior.

To Open Door when Combination is not known
Turn dial CCW at least 3 turns stopping when the notch on rear wheel shows in hole. Record first combination number on dial.
Turn dial slowly CW until notch on front wheel is in hole. Record second combination number of dial.
You can use a small screw driver to wiggle both wheels so both notches are centered in hole.

Change Combination
Open door. Raise lever as far as it will go. Pull dial knob out and turn to random position, and release. Return lever to closed position.

It may be that the bolt opening knob should be in the engaged position when the dial is pulled out, but I haven't worked out if it's possible to set the two combination numbers to predetermined values. Let me know how.

To determine the combination spin the dial CCW for a few turns then keep turning slowly and watch for the notch on the rear wheel to appear in the cutout near where the fence needs to move. Once the rear wheel notch is at the proper position. Note the dial position for the first number. Then turn the dial CW and watch for the notch on the front wheel to be in the proper potions and record the dial number.

Note that there are twice as many positions as there are numbers. For example possible positions are: 1, 1-2, 2, 2-3 &Etc. where 1-2 means half way between 1 and 2.

832417 Keyless Lock

Fig 1
Fig 2 Notice lever above lock can not be lifted
when door is in locked position.

Fig 3

408795 Combination-lock, J.D. Craig, The Keyless Lock company, Aug 13, 1889, - designed to be open by feel, e.g. in the dark.
414985 Permutation Lock, J.H. & T. D. Morris, Nov 12, 1889, 70/304 70/323 -
491158 Combination-lock, J.D. Craig, The Keyless Lock company, Feb 7, 1893, - improvement on 408795
437658 Combination Lock, J.H. & T. D. Morris, MaggieG. & Henrieta Morris, Sep 30, 1890, 70/304- so postmaster can open door for tenant who forgot combination - concentric dials
698781 Permutation-lock, Joseph Arner, Calvin E Arner, Keyless Lock Company, Apr 29, 1902, - Has lever (22) but no description of its function.
832417 Keyless Lock, Clarence S Rice, Keyless Lock Co., Oct 2, 1906, 70/322; 70/314; 70/315 - 1-knob PO Box - not exactly the same as this lock but very close.

"Another feature of the invention consists of means whereby the bolt is prevented by the tumblers from being operated. Said means is in the form of a dog, which is actuated by the means which throws the bolt,‘and its operation is interfered with by the tumblers, so that the bolt-throwing means cannot be operated unless the tumblers are so set as to permit the action of the dog."

Knob (20)
Dial (40)
Result

CW
CW
dial spins because dog (22) if clear of wheels

CW
CCW
"

CCW
CW
Dial locks up as dog (22) presses on wheels

CCW
CCW
Dial locks up as dog (22) catches gate on center wheel

894520 Permutation-Lock, Mortimer B. Mills, Mills Keyless Lock & Novelty Mfg Co, Jul 28, 1908, 70/303R; 70/28; 70/445; 70/70; 70/82; 70/DIG.21 -

2 Dial Side-by-Side

452887 Combination Lock, T.D. Morris, May 26, 1891, 70/312 70/304 70/323- 2 side-by-side drum dials - easy to change combination
597080 Keyless Lock, W.B. Holton, The keyless Lock Company., Jan 11, 1898, - 2 side-by-side dials - auto locking when closed.
            RE11679 Keyless Lock, W.B. Holton, The keyless Lock Company., Jul 19, 1898, - reissued

602114 Combination Lock, Lewis C. Thompson, (no company), Apr 12, 1898, 70/304 - 2-knob side-by-side
601975 Permutation-lock, J.H. Morris, Apr 5, 1898, 70/304 70/133 - 2- dial side-by-side, easy to change combination
632735 Permutation-lock, J.H. Morris, Sep 12, 1899, 70/304 - 2-dials side-by-side, A to L & M to X, improvement on 601975 where closing door locks the lock.
660018 Permutation-lock, Joseph Holt Livingstone, (no company), Oct 16, 1900, 70/314 70/304 - very similar to the above (probably not Keyless lock co) - 2-dial side-by-side N to W & A TO H

Miller Lock Co.

491053 Latch, Milton Jackson, The miller Lock Company, Jan 31, 1893, 70/156 - so door can be closed without slamming (breaking glass)

W.J. Neidl,

697651 Combination-lock, William J Neidl, Apr 15, 1902, 70/292 70/304 - 2-dials side-by-side, big 0 to 30, small 0 - 30 - large square beveled glass, bolt at top of door

Corbin

These are what the building trade would call a "pre-hung door", that's to say it's a door, with attached hinges and a frame.

Fig 1 5" overall height
3.656" overall wide.
fits into box 4-3/4" x 3-1/2"

Fig 2
Fig 3 There is a label holder, but it's empty,
the number 183 is a stencil on the front.
Fig 4 Showing the mechanism w/cover removed.

693114 Feb 11, 1902

738739 Sep 8, 1903

693114 Keyless Lock, Albert F Corbin, Corbin Cabinet Lock Company, Feb 11, 1902, 70/306 - 2-dial side-by-side, A to H & I to P
738739 Lock, Harry P Townsend, Corbin Cabinet Lock Company, Sep 8, 1903, 70/304 70/306 70/314 - 2-dial side-by-side,

Yale
31278 Post-office Drawer Lock, Linus Yale Jr., Jan 29, 1861, 70/86; 70/403; 70/452; 70/493 - pin tumbler
467564 Latch Bolt, W.H. Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., Jan 26, 1892, 70/156; 217/58; 292/2; 292/DIG.62 - Post Office Box

Fig 1: Code on key: 42242 which corresponds to the cut depths.
Fig 2: Lock code: 17638, Maybe can be translated to key code. PATENTED, JAN 26 1892, {Yale & Towne}

patent 467564

Fig 1

Fig 2 This may be the CompX C9500 - USPS 308?

Jan 26, 1892 utility patent related to PO Box door
Jan 1, 1895 Design patent related to PO Box door
403705 Lock, W..H.. Taylor, Yale & Towne Lock Mfg Co., May 21, 1889, - PO Box door - key and lever
    RE11152 Lock, W..H.. Taylor, Yale & Towne Lock Mfg Co., Mar 17, 1891, - PO Box door -
RE8783 Post Office Box, Yale, 1879 - swooping key pin tumbler, 312/321.5
RE9666 Lock for PO Boxes, Yale, 1881 - pin tumbler
284988 Post Office Lock Box, W. H. Taylor, Yale & Towne Lock Mfg Co., Sep 11, 1883, - key - attachment of glass to frame
303555 Post-office lock-box, Yale, 1884 - swooping key pin tumbler, 312/117; 232/24; 312/265.6; 312/287; 312/326
370166 Combined Glass Holder and Number Plate for Doors, W.H. Taylor, Sep 20, 1887, -

403705 Lock, W.H. Taylor, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, May 21, 1889, - PO box - key used to change combination lock
403706 Lock, W.H. Taylor, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, May 21, 1889, - PO box - key used to change combination lock
405131 Lock, W.H. Taylor, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Jun 11, 1889, - PO box - key used to change combination lock
408053 Pigeon Hole, W.H. Taylor, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Jul 30, 1889, -

486777 Post Office Lock Drawer, J.W. Harriott, Yale & Towne Mfg Co., Nov. 22, 1892, - metal drawer eliminates problems with wood drawers (not PO Box)

D11428 Doors of post-office lock-boxes, Henry R. Towne, Yale Lock Mfg Co., Sep 23, 1879, D99/33

600900 Combination Lock, W.H. Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., Mar 22, 1898 -
666038 Post-office depository, W.H. Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Jan 15, 1901 -
681838 Combination-lock, Warren H Taylor, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Sep 3, 1901, -

1665990 Combination lock, Frank Soley, Yale & Towne Mfg Co, Apr 10, 1928, 70/133, 70/445, 70/329 - sheet metal square box - dial pulls out
PO Box Dial to Key Conversion

This door started out as a single knob 3-number combination lock like the Keyless Single Dial 3 Number combination door above (note the letters surrounding the key way) and was later retrofitted with a key lock.
3293892 Lock adapter, Falk Myron P, Independent Lock Co, Dec 27, 1966, 70/493, 70/461, 70/391, 70/358, 70/370, 70/464, 70/372, 70/451 -for modernizing mortise locks so this is a specialized version of that. Referenced b 48 patents.

My guess is that the motivation for this conversion was the poor quality of the zinc (pot metal?) die cast lock cover on the early single dial 3-number combination locks. Note it has the same look and feel from the front.

Fig 1
on key: 20374, Independent Lock Co., Fitchburg, Mass. U.S.A., (now called Kaba-ILCO)
P.O. Dept., Do not Dup.

Fig 2
on door casting: "Ord Mfg Co.1967"
on lock: "20374"
Fig 3
Yale 1892 Key, Single dial 3-No., ILCO Conversion

Fig 4

Fig 5 pot metal cover causes lock failure

USPS Cluster Box Units

In 2021 mail was stolen from my rural mail box and so we opted to get a set of four USPS Cluster Box Units.
For me the key difference is shipping boxes that would easily my large rural mail box but now fit neither the outgoing mail slot nor the small space of my assigned mail box.
I can ship a small priority box or small packages by putting them in my incoming mail box and the mailman just accepts them.
For boxes that are too large to fit the incoming box I just request Schedule a Pickup. As part of that you get a confirmation number. I write that confirmation number on a 3x5 card and trap it between the mail box door and jamb so the mailman sees it today instead of the scheduled time tomorrow.

An alternative method of mailing packages that are too large to fit into my mail box is to place the package in one of the Parcel Storage lockers that has a user key locked into it and a note in my mail box telling the mailman which Parcel Locker has the outgoing package. This works. The only down side is that anyone who opened the Parcel Locker (it is not locked) could take the package. But the chances of that happening are, in my opinion, extremely low.

In Fig 2 below the open door has starting at the top:
4 ea incoming mail boxes,
1ea. outgoing mail slot and the overall door opening lock
4 ea incoming mail boxes,
A Parcel Storage locker.

Outgoing Mail Slot

So far I have not used this because of "staffing issues" on some days there's no mail service. So I put my outgoing mail into my mail box. Later in the day when I expect to collect my new mail if my outgoing items are still in the box I remove them and drive them to the post office so this will go first thing the next day.

The postman has a key that opens both large doors and it's associated with this incoming mail slot.

Mail Boxes

Although these could be different sizes it appears that all the CBU pedestals that have mail boxes use the same "A" size 12" wide x 3" high x 15" deep. They are fitted with a Compx USPS-L-1172C National Mailbox Lock C9100 Lock and the USPS delivers 3 keys when the box is assigned. They do not keep any keys, but you are allowed to have copies made. It's not clear if you're allowed to replace the lock which would be easy to do.

Parcel Boxes

If I receive a package that's too big to fit into my small mail box it will be placed into one of these parcel boxes and the key to it will be placed in my mail box. When that key is used to open the parcel box the key is captured. The mailman has a special key that fits an adjacent lock which allows him to remove the key. There seem to be two options on re-locking the door. On my CBU parcel boxes the door stays unlocked with the key captured. You can open the door if it was to be blown shut by the wind. But inside the USPS office once a parcel box door shuts it locks and since the key is captured you would need to stand in line to get someone to re-open the box.

Fig 1 4 CBUs on concrete pad

Fig 2 Delivery Doors Open (CW locks)

Fig 3 Compx USPS-L-1172C National Mailbox Lock C9100 Lock

The key is mirrored from my CBU key,
but this lock could replace the one in the CBU.

Instructions
Fig 4 CompX National USPS Parcel box lock

8973812 Cluster box mail delivery unit having security features, USPS, 2015-03-10, -

20200325709 Key capture lock, USPS, 2020-10-15, -

The locks have the feel of a Key-In-Knob, but the housing is specialized. See PO Boxes above.

Note pawl (212) has point (218) that engages teeth on wheel (208) allowing it to only turn in one direction.

CompX National Catalog (compxnational_sept2020.pdf) -
page 9 covers the locks for USPS CBUs: The C9100 (CW) and C9200 (CCW) meet USPS-STD-4C for CBU mail boxes.
Uses the D4300 (CW) or D4301 (CCW) 5 pin tumbler key blanks shown on page 25.
page 22 covers the C7120 Heavy-duty cam for the C9100/C9200.

Keys Difficult to Install and Remove

On the USPS cluster box units and on the C9100 & C9200 new in the bag locks (each with the clip and 3 keys) the keys are very difficult to install and remove.

It turns out that when working a lock without the cam the pins may not align. This can be tested by holding the lock body at about a 45 degree angle pressed on the edge of a table while pressing toward the bottom of the lock at the back and with the key, then working the lock. I think this means there a lot of slop inside the mechanism.

2024 July 26: Colorado authorities warn public not to use blue USPS mailboxes after Boulder man was arrested, 3:14 - also opens CBUs.
CBS: USPS replacing universal keys to deter letter carrier robberies - Currently there are a very small number of "Arrow Keys" for all US blue collection boxes and CBU mailboxes and some have been stolen and duplicated many times. But this article says the USPS in only deploying 12,000 Blue collection boxes with digital locks.
https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/#search-form: "USPS key"
2021 Aug 31: USPSOIG - Audit Reports: Arrow Key Management - Not mentioned here, but is in the CBS reports, mailmen being held up at gunpoint to get the "arrow key".

Yale PO Box Lock

I was looking for a Parcel box lock but am not sure that's what this is.

When locked (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4) the key can be inserted or removed. But when locked (Fig 5) the key is captured. In the Key capture lock patent (above) pawl (212) only allows the key to turn in one direction. That key has the same key retaining mechanism as this one. So a second key is needed to release the pawl and free the first key. Probably the "arrow key".

Both the lock and key are made by Yale and they are both stamped "79098". The key blank is identical to the current key for a USPS Post Office Box in the Post Office. But the new key is made by CompX National and is marked "U.S.P.S. Do Not Duplicate" as well as having a five digit number stamped into it. The Yale key is also stamped "U.S.P.S. Do Not Duplicate.

It's the nature of a pin tumbler lock that once the pin shear lines match the cylinder and the cylinder is turned the pins above the key are trapped and can not move up or down so the key is trapped.

The layout of this lock matches that used in PO Boxes. The Yale pin tumbler PO Box locks have a protrusion near the face that slides the bolt. But this lock does not have that protrusion, so uses the sheet metal part to both limit the motion to 90 degrees and to activate the bolt. I'd guess in some USPS application since this appears to be a standard lock unit with two mounting holes.

It may be that the Commercial locks have the same form, fit and function, but the key warding is different than USPS locks?

Commercial
USPS
Rotation

C9100
910B?
CW

C9200

CCW

C9300
603B

C9400
306D

C9500
308

C9300 with mirrored keyway, so is a USPS 603B?

When locked turn CCW to open.

Fig 1

Fig 2
Fig 3

Fig 4
Fig 5

Diebold 17590 Safe Deposit Box Lock

I placed this lock just below the S&G 4110, above because this also is a lock that can be re-keyed by a user to match a given key. This would greatly lower the cost of changing locks when a safe deposit box changes hands. It seems to work the same way as the S&G 4100 so may be made under license from S&G?

This lock has 7 levers and the wafers seem to be made from spring steel instead of of a brass alloy like in the S&G 4100 above.

Note this lock case can be assembled as either a single key or a dual key lock.
YouTube LPL: [1584] Diebold 175-70 Safe Deposit Lock, 4:08 -

Fig 1

Fig 2
Fig 3

Diebold 17570-B Safe Deposit Box Lock

This is the same mechanism as the 17590 above except it's fitted with two keys. Fig 3 above shows the levers that are also used in this lock.
The mounting hole in the lower left of Fig 1 (upper left in Fig 2) takes a shorter machine screw than the other two holes because when the bolt is extended it also covers the machine screw head. This would prevent installing the lock unless you have keys to open it.

Dibold change tool 509 (aka 175-50) is a "T" handle hex wrench with a hole in the end (maybe some stuff in the hole). Used on the back to un-clamp and re-clamp the levers to match a key.

Fig 1 Note lower left hole.

Fig 2
Fig 3

3978700 Safe deposit lock construction with changeable tumbler mechanism, Dwight W. Glass, Keystone Consolidated, 1976-09-07, -
4516417 Changeable keylock having tumblers with shiftable pivot seats, Joseph J. Parrock, American Standard, 1985-05-14, -
4526022 Keylock with resettable, bendable lever tumblers, Keylock with resettable, bendable lever tumblers, Joseph J. Parrock, American Standard, 1985-07-02, -

Eagle Lock Co. 4-Lever Cabinet Lock

This 4-lever cabinet lock has an expanding bolt. These were used on pianos and roll top desks.

This may be called a Piano Lock
295270 Piano Lock, Feank W. Mix, The cobbin Cabinet Lock Company, Mar 18, 1884, 70/79; 70/131 - List of Patent Trials
316411 [RE10361] Case for locks, H.L. Spiegal, Frank W. Mix, Apr 21, 1885, 70/448 - router instead of hand work to fit cabinet lock - List of Patent Trials
537700 Frank W. Mix, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Apr 16, 1895, 70/81; 70/79 - cabinet
551684 Lock, F.W. Mix, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Dec 17, 1895 - cabinet

Fig 1

Fig 2 4 levers
Fig 3 expanding bolt

524643 Lock, Frank W. Mix, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY,Aug. 14, 1894 -
551684 Lock, Frank W. Mix, THE YALE a TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Dec 17, 1895, 70/370; 292/304; 70/451; 70/452 - includes the claws on the bolt.
197910 Drawer Lock, W.H. Taylor, The yale Lock Manumcturing Company, Dec 4, 1877, - not this lock but a lever type drawer lock.
RE8379 Lock, W.H. Taylor, The yale Lock Manumcturing Company, Aug 20, 1878, -

Eagle Lock Co. Patents
243872 Lock, W.D. Doremus, The Eagle Look Company, Jul 5, 1881, 70/134; 70/145; 70/157; 70/453; 70/DIG.27 - 4-lever, drawers, cupboards &Etc.
476559 Lock, James Roche, The Eagle lock Company, Jun 7, 1892, 70/79 - cabinet lock with claws on bolt
543316 Desk Lock, James Roche, The Eagle lock Company, Jul 23, 1895, 70/79 - cabinet lock with claws on bolt
688052 Desk-Lock, Howard D Allen, Eagle Lock Co, Dec 3, 1901, 70/453 - easy to install with removable key guide
713244 & 713245 Detachable-cylinder desk-lock, James Roche, Eagle Lock Co, Nov 11, 1902, - 70/370; 70/451; 70/453; 70/79 - easy to install

965409 Flat-key Lock, James Roche, Jul 26, 1910 - better location (control) of key in lock
666697 Multiple-key lock, James Roche, Eagle Lock Company, Jan 29, 1901, 70/384 - sate-deposit - easy to change keys w/o removing
944685 Lock, James J Murphy, Eagle Lock Co, Dec 28, 1909, - Prevents "kicking" aka "carding a lock" (YouTube) (pushing bolt open even though it's fully extended).
1006777 Master-key drawer-lock, James J Murphy, Oct 24, 1911 -

Mosler M5700 Safe Deposit Box Lock

The movement feels like metal to metal friction whereas the S&G 4400 has a smooth feel.
Another difference is that on the S&G lock the tenant key can be inserted either before or after the guard key, but in the M5700 the tenant key will not seat until the guard key is turned.

Fig 1 This is called a single stump design.

Fig 2 Note "3" to the top tenant tumbler (not bendable).

3727439 Modular key lock having lever tumblers with bendable portions (see above), Parrock J, Mosler Safe Co, Apr 17, 1973 - has the look and fell of the M5700, but uses bendable tumblers so maybe not for the M5700.

S&G 4500 Safe Deposit Box Lock & Door
The door measures about 11" wide x 3" high. It's fitted with a S&G 4500 Safe Deposit Box Lock. This is the type that can be easily rekeyed. It came with two tenant keys and no guard key. But the guard key from another S&G Safe Deposit Box Lock should be able to work after the re-keying process.
The door is 1/2" thick, but not solid metal, but rather is made of two stainless steel sheet metal parts that are about 0.055" thick (17 guage?). They form a box.
4462230 Changeable safe deposit lock with slidable clamped fences, Walter R. Evans, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Jul 31, 1984 - Fatal Flaw

This patent has a fatal flaw in that if the change screw is not tightened correctly a lock out WILL occur. This is why the S&G 4500 shown below has been modified by removing the change mechanism and replacing it with conventional wafers.

5502990 says: "There is a danger with this (S&G 4500) solution that the code will not be fixed satisfactorily if the screw is not tightened correctly. Another drawback with this lock is that it is not compact enough and consequently it is possible to reach the lock mechanism and "feel" the mechanism with a steel wire or the like inserted into the lock housing." - This may explain why the S&G 4500 has had the mechanism replaced with a conventional lever lock, i.e. the changeable feature has been defeated.

The 4527 is a single key version of the 4500.

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4 Although the back of the lock is marked S&G 4500
it's clear that inside it's just a common 4400 series lock.
What's going on? let me know
The bolt may be from some other lock?

Fig 5 After the 2 screws holding the hinge are removed
the three sheet metal parts can be separated.

Fig 6 The key change screws are missing.

S&G 120 Internal Safe Door Assembly

This assembly consists of the door jam, door and lever lock. It's inside a Herman Safe Co. safe.
If you click on the image and click again you can see the key marked Sargent and Greenleaf
and 120 on the back of the lever lock. Note key construction is the same as the safe deposit keys above.
The lock has the look and feel of the S&G 4100 cabinet lock (S&G web page), but they may no longer offer the door assembly.

Dead Bolt Locks

These are different from safe/vault locks in that there is provision to allow someone inside to get out. That's to say the lock can not be used to hold prisoners. A common application is a SCIF room (Wiki).
paragraph 3.3.3 ...GSA-approved combination lock..."
5.0 Glossary "Dead Bolt:� A lock bolt with no spring action.� Activated by a key or turn knob and cannot be moved by end pressure."
6.1 "When a rigid side shelter or portable van is used for SCI operations, it shall be equipped with either a combination lock that meets all requirements of Federal Specification FF-L-2740 or other CSA-approved lock.� The combination to the lock or keys shall be controlled by the SSO at the security level for which the T-SCIF is accredited.� The shelter or van shall be secured at all times when not activated as a SCIF."

The 8410 and 8415 have brass wheels (Group 1) and the 8430 and 8435 have plastic wheels (Group 1R).

Part Number Material Description

8415-107 8400 Group 1 Deadbolt, aluminum/brass wheels (strike not included)

8435-106 8400 Group 1R Deadbolt, acetal resin & brass wheels (strikes not included)

8555-105 8500 Group 1 Deadbolt, aluminum/brass wheels (strikes not included)

8565-105 8500 Group 1R Deadbolt, acetal resin & brass wheels (strikes not included)

8497-001
No. 1 Insiwng Door Strike

8497-002
No. 2 Outswing Door Strike

8497-003 No. 3 Inswing Door Strike

8497-004 No. 9 Double Door, Outswing Strike

STRIKE PLATE STRIKE PLATE PICTURE STRIKE PLATE DIAGRAM

8497-001

Strike Plate #1

For in-swing door, inside frame mount

8497-002

Strike Plate #2

For out-swing door

8497-003

Strike Plate #3

For in-swing door, flush mount
or in-swing double doors

8497-004

Strike Plate #9

For out-swing double doors

S&G 8470 Family Dead Bolt Lock
S&G Extension 50 (S&G web page)
New In Box (NIB) marked:

Top
8470 Deadbolt
(SM 50)
With Combination Lock ront

Locks
Strikes
Options

[x] 8415 [ ] 1
[ ] Dust Cover

[ ] 8435 [ ] 2
[x] Hard Plate

[ ] 8555 [ ] 3

[ ] 8556 [ ] 9

Side

Part Number
8415-107
Quantity 1 Documents

Installation Instructions
Model 8470 MP Adjusta-loc
(applies to the combined deadbolt and lock)

Operating & Changing Instructions for:
T8410 & T8415 Manipulation-proof Combination Locks
T8430 & T 8435 X-Ray & Manipulation-proof Combination Locks
(applies only to the Group 2 lock)

ote that the deadbolt part is a base plate with the bolt assemble and a standard Group 2 lock body is mounted on the base plate.
There are two door bolts, the main bolt (that has a couple of tapped holes on the end) and a smaller locking bolt. The locking bolt needs to be pressed in to enable the main bolt to extend.

The door bolt can be opened any time from the inside by using the "TRUN"knob. When working with the lock without a proper strike it is necessary to press in the small bolt in order it release the door bolt.
When the lock has been opened using the combination (Fig 6) then the "LOCK" slider can be moved to the center holding the lock in the open position.

Fig 1 New In Box

Fig 2 Contents of this box Lock Side showing opening knob
and hard plate & Accessory kit.
Fig 3 Packing inside box with custom cardboard stuffer.

Fig 4 Dial Side
Fig 5 Rear cover removed
The "Lock" slide on the cover interfers with the large screw
on the lock bolt.

Fig 6 After opening using combination

Combination Lock Stands

These are intended for displaying a UL 768 Group 2 combination lock or for use for manipulation practice.

On eBay there was a "Sargent & Greenleaf Inc S&G 6720 Group 2 Combination Lock sales sample display" where a wooden box was fabricated with the correct thickness to space the dial from the mechanism. It seems wide enough to stand up by itself.

Factory Stands

See Yale on Stand above.

See S&G 8400 above

Commercial Stands

MBA
Made of plastic and comes in different colors.
The four large insert threaded holes are for mounting the lock body.
The two small insert threaded holes are for mounting the dial ring.
The two small plastic threaded holes are for mounting a dial ring.
From the front face to the back of the lock mounting bosses is 0.49". Note this is essentially the same as the plywood used for the Field Expedient Lock Stand (below).

MBA MB15-B1 Front

Back

Field Expedient Lock Stand

I want to figure out the combination on the Diebold 177-23 and so need a way to hold the dial ring in a fixed position relative to the body so used the first loose piece of wood I could find. Nominal 1/2" plywood, but measures 0.485" (12.3mm). Close enough to the door thickness for the Diebold 177-23. As received was setup for RH orientation so that's the way I mounted it.

Drilled holes for:
Spindle: used a 9/16" wood drill and needed to use it a second time since I got the location of the lock body off a little.
Short body 1/4-20 mounting screws: Used a 0.218" ( 7/32", 5.55mm) drill bit so that the short 1/4-40 mounting screws went in as self tapping. (Note: when reinstalling these first turn CCW until you feel the screw drop, then go CW. That way you will not strip the wood threads)
Dial Ring: Used 10-5/8 wood screws, no drilled hole, just tapped and screwed in.

This lock seems to have no built-in re-locker like the La Guard and LeFebure locks and appears to have 6 tumblers, so a good candidate for having some fun. Turns out 0nly a three number lock (Group 2).
Using a pencil mark as rear index the combination is 7-57-27. Note that this lock uses flys so the first number is the same if you dial CW first or CCS first. The pencil mark was placed so that it would be easy to see the gate notch approaching from either direction.
The pencil mark has the gate at 82 and when the fence drops it's at 44 the difference is 38, so that's the number to subtract.

First guess:
7 - 38 = -31 (+100=) 69
57 - 38 = 19
28 - 38 = -10 (+100=) 90
After trying a small number of numbers -1 or +2 and -2 and +2 from that found Left 4turns to 70 - 17 - 90 that opens the lock when starting to the left. (69 - 17 - 90 does not work)
But when starting to the right it's 68 -17 - 90 (69 - 17 - 90 does not work).
So maybe there's a problem with the fly on wheel #1?
I wonder if the positioning of the index ring would cause the asymmetry? maybe, but it's not important.

The group 2 locks open by setting the wheels in the proper position by either knowing the combination or by manipulation then turning the dial clockwise to retract the bolt. This mean that to enter the combination you always must turn the dial counter clockwise at least 4 turns to pickup all the wheels. That would not be the case if an external handle was used to retract the bolt. So it seems that having "flys" on a group 2 lock only serves to have something that can go wrong without any benefit. Let me know if you see a benefit in "flys" on these locks.

PS I've changed the combination to left 4 turns then stopping on 20, right stopping on the third appearance of 30, left stopping on the second appearance of 40, right to retract the bolt.

better to mount body a little lower and to the left.

The index mark may be off one or two, hard to say.

Prototype Display/Practice Combination Lock Stand

In process Dec 2016. Considering different designs:
1. an "L" shape stand where the face is 90 degrees from the base so that an auto-dialer can be used or so that two stands can be used for long dial spindles.
2. a flat plate, very much like the S&G MP stand where the support legs unplug, i.e. paper doll cutout, so that it can ship in a smaller volume.
3. a combination of the above two where the base of the "L" is short with the "feet" from (2).

Aluminum "L" stand

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4

Mechanical Combo Lock Manipulators
The Safe Manipulator TSM has nice on screen display of the position of each wheel. smart dialer - YouTube: TSM - The Ultimate in Combination Recovery & Cracking Safes
QX3 Auto Dialer - tries all numbers (at Q Tactical)
ITL-2000II - tries all numbers - 30 hours

YouTube: Lock Picking Lawyer:
[1001] The ITL Robotic Safe Cracker! (ITL-2000) -
2021 Aug 6 - [1337] My New & Improved Robotic Safe-Cracker… ,[Auto Dialer QX3 Combi]

DEFCON 13: A Safecracking Double Feature: Dial 'B' For BackDialing and Spike the Wonder Safe
John Kent - Locks Menu - Thoughts on the S & G combination dial -
YouTube: lagard 3 wheel combination manipulation - shaft encoder & laptop, but manual dial rotation - tell me more about what's on the computer screen.
YouTube: Warning Day Lock is Dangerous...La Guard 3330 Safe Lock - Feynman method or NASCAR method of reading combination from open or day-lock.
Note the MBA EX Amp is on eBay as "The Ear Listens" or "ear listen through wall device Spy bug Eavesdropping Wall microphone voice bug" for under $10. The sound probe is spring loaded so some way is needed to hold it down, I used blue tape.
Book: The Art of Manipulation, by Clyde Lentz, Bill Kenton, 1955, 35 pages.

YouTube: Combo Breaker - motorized combo lock cracking device - for Master combination locks - Details -

YouTube: byte sized engineering : He forgot the combination so I built him a robot. Safe Cracking Robot - Part 1, 21:36 - I have to try 1 Million combinations? Safe Cracking Robot - Part 2, 17:56 -
Details to build you own should show up on GitHub.

Locraker - Automatic combination lock cracker -

20050261804 Mechanical lock manipulation device and method, John Doty, Gerald Dawson, Carl Cole, KABA-MAS, 2005-11-24, - has different methods for different brands and models.

10669742 Method for opening a combination padlock, Andrew O. Williams, Lockheed, Priority: 1990-03-09, SECRET or 20 Years, Pub: 2020-06-02, - for S&G 8088, 8077AB

Fig 6, 7 & 8: dial indicator on shackle, lock on bench
Fig 9, 10 & 11: dial indicator on lock body, lock on file cabinet

4056956 Tool for determining safe lock component positions, Charles David Gilliam, New York School Of Locksmithing, Inc., Nov 8, 1977 - maybe only for locks prior to W.W.II?

4803860 Manipulation assistance device and method, Randall L. Moore, Feb 14, 1989 - based on contact points on post W.W.II locks. " Sight is replaced by an optical scanner and target. Hearing and touch are replaced by a microphone and amplifier with a peak detector." Manual rotation of dial. A lever arm with a bar code scale used to measure very small angles.

Calls:
2974517 - Jacobs teaches a motorized clamp which vibrates the members of a combination until they adjust themselves into an unlocked position.
4056956 - Gilliam teaches a torque wrench type device which imparts a torque to the handle of a safe in order to determine the location of a gate relative to the tailpiece of the lock as its dial is rotated.
3694637 Method and apparatus for detecting tool wear - audio spectral analysis of the sounds made by the tool
4433563 - Wilson teaches a computer controlled motor which is driven through a series of combinations until the correct combination is stumbled upon.
2974517 Combination lock opener, Isaac Jacobs, Mar 14, 1961, 70/442 - vibration to get random motion of the tumblers

4905490 Lock combination decoder, Glenn E. Wilson, Mar 6, 1990, 70/442; 70/313; 70/446; 700/1; 700/90 - claim: less than one hour. Uses position, velocity and sound feedback.
Citations

US2974517
Apr 21, 1958 Mar 14, 1961 Isaac Jacobs Combination lock opener

US4056956
Jul 13, 1976 Nov 8, 1977 New York School Of Locksmithing, Inc. Tool for determining safe lock component positions

US4319223
Jul 1, 1965 Mar 9, 1982 The Bendix Corporation Full code means for electromechanical decoder

US4377847
Feb 17, 1981 Mar 22, 1983 Gould Inc. Microprocessor controlled micro-stepping chart drive

US4433563
Apr 7, 1982 Feb 28, 1984 Wilson Glenn E Lock decoder - uP based

US4769583
May 1, 1987 Sep 6, 1988 General Motors Corporation Motion control system with minimum time path generation

US4777603
Mar 8, 1985 Oct 11, 1988 Cybermation, Inc. Controller for multiple-axis machine

US4803860
Jul 24, 1987 Feb 14, 1989 Moore Randall L Manipulation assistance device and method

Referenced by:

US5184491
Jul 19, 1990 Feb 9, 1993 Theodor Kromer Gmbh & Co. Kg Spezialfabrik Fur Sicherheitsschlosser Combination lock with motor-driven tumblers

US5477608
Nov 9, 1993 Dec 26, 1995 Bernhard Schafer Werkseug-Und Sondermaschinenbau Gmbh Apparatus for connecting a wire to a contact element

US5678436
Nov 28, 1995 Oct 21, 1997 Alexander; Curtis Earl Remote control door lock system

US7267018
Jul 6, 2005 Sep 11, 2007 Kabushiki Kaisha Honda Lock Steering lock system inspection device

US7694542
ul 21, 2005 Apr 13, 2010 Stanton Concepts Inc. Tool operated combination lock

US7712342
Oct 21, 2005 May 11, 2010 Stanton Concepts Inc. Tool operated combination lock

US20050261804
May 21, 2004 Nov 24, 2005 John Doty Mechanical lock manipulation device and method

US20060016230
Jul 21, 2005 Jan 26, 2006 Stanton Concepts Inc. Tool operated combination lock

US20060021402
Jul 6, 2005 Feb 2, 2006 Kabushiki Kaisha Honda Lock Steering lock system inspection device

US20060096343
Oct 21, 2005 May 11, 2006 Stanton Concepts Inc. Tool operated combination lock

US20080209959
Mar 3, 2008 Sep 4, 2008 Natalee Russo-Amati Key Actuation Mechanism

US20090280862
May 29, 2009 Nov 12, 2009 Stanton Concepts Inc. Tool Operated Combination Lock

US20100194526
Mar 22, 2010 Aug 5, 2010 Stanton Concepts Inc. Tool Operated Combination Lock

US20100194527
Mar 22, 2010 Aug 5, 2010 Stanton Concepts Inc. Tool Operated Combination Lock

US20140245798
Mar 4, 2013 Sep 4, 2014 Christopher V. Beckman Add-Lock

CN103912159A
Apr 25, 2014 Jul 9, 2014 广州市亚太天能信息技术有限公司 Back locking method of door lock

EP2025840A1
Jul 31, 2007 Feb 18, 2009 Franck Haddadi Device designed to allow opening without destroying the lock

20050261804 - a couple of methods for half a dozen lock models - Loc Tech Tools Inc, SoftDrill - Inject Transducer & Response Transducer
Citations

US4319223
Jul 1, 1965 Mar 9, 1982 The Bendix Corporation Full code means for electromechanical decoder

US4433563
Apr 7, 1982 Feb 28, 1984 Wilson Glenn E Lock decoder

US4494805
Nov 29, 1982 Jan 22, 1985 Glen E. Beymer Equipment locker

US4803860
Jul 24, 1987 Feb 14, 1989 Moore Randall L Manipulation assistance device and method

US4905490
Aug 25, 1988 Mar 6, 1990 Wilson Glenn E Lock combination decoder

US5184491
Jul 19, 1990 Feb 9, 1993 Theodor Kromer Gmbh & Co. Kg Spezialfabrik Fur Sicherheitsschlosser Combination lock with motor-driven tumblers

US5873276
Aug 28, 1996 Feb 23, 1999 Mas-Hamilton Group Keypad entry electronic combination lock with self-generated combination

US20040211233
Apr 28, 2003 Oct 28, 2004 Lockmasters, Inc. Mechanical combination lock

Referenced by:

US7267018
Jul 6, 2005 Sep 11, 2007 Kabushiki Kaisha Honda Lock Steering lock system inspection device

US7484777
Jun 30, 2006 Feb 3, 2009 Sargent Manufacturing Company Electronic push retraction exit device

US7883123 Jan 28, 2009 Feb 8, 2011 Sargent Manufacturing Company Electronic push retraction exit device

US8495836 Aug 27, 2009 Jul 30, 2013 Sargent Manufacturing Company Door hardware drive mechanism with sensor

US20060021402
Jul 6, 2005 Feb 2, 2006 Kabushiki Kaisha Honda Lock Steering lock system inspection device

US20080012350
Jun 30, 2006 Jan 17, 2008 Condo Mark A Electronic push retraction exit device

US20090127869
Jan 28, 2009 May 21, 2009 Sargent Manufacturing Company Electronic push retraction exit device

US20110047874
Aug 27, 2009 Mar 3, 2011 Sargent Manufacturing Company Door hardware drive mechanism with sensor

WO2008010876A3
Jun 5, 2007 Mar 13, 2008 Sargent Mfg Co Electronic push retraction exit device

WO2013124628A1
Feb 15, 2013 Aug 29, 2013 Nedwell Jeremy Method, apparatus and transducer for use in determining the cut of a mechanical lock

WO2013124629A1
Feb 15, 2013 Aug 29, 2013 Nedwell Jeremy Method, apparatus and transducer for use in determining the cut of a mechanical lock

Electronic Combination

Fed Spec FF-L-2740A Combination Locks - 15 page spec

It applies to combination locks used on filing cabinets such as Fed Spec: AA-F-358
It references UL 768 combination lock standard, group 1R
If the combo is lost it's possible to, with box open, enter a new combo, but not to recover the old combo.
Not possible to allow for dialing one number like on a mechanical dial where it's turned a little from the final number and left there making it very easy to re-enter.
Spindle length between 0.5 and 3.5" long

Kaba Mas X-07

The Kaba Mas is a very interesting lock and may be the highest security lock mechanism. But the overall security of what it protects would also depend on it's installation and combination control procedures. See Ref 8.

There is a stepper motor attached to the dial. When the lock has been sitting for some time the internal super capacitor is discharged and the lock powered down. There are no internal batteries.

When you spin the dial the stepper motor works as a generator and charges up the super capacitor powering up the lock. Then you dial in the combination, but without the "counting turns" hassle used on a mechanical combination lock. For example you turn left to 11, then right to 22 then left to 33 then right to retract the bolt.

Label:
UL Listed, High Security Electronic Lock
Type 1F 4R95 s/n D-xxxxxx
FF-L-2740A
Model X-07 - U.S. Pat 5,061,923 and other U.S./Foreign Patents
Mas-Hamilton Group
Lixington, KY U.S.A.

Patents
5061923 Computerized combination lock, James C. Miller, Michael P. Harvey, C & M Technology, Inc., Filed: Sep 29, 1988, Pub: Oct 29, 1991, 340/5.31, 341/35, 340/5.73, 340/5.55, 340/5.32, 70/278.4 - 3 Figures: Lock on top file drawer, top view of dial, block dia w/stepper motor/generator. does not have the high security flow diagrams of 6911897 - 93 patents reference this one.

6911897 Electronic combination lock with high security features, J. Clayton Miller, Michael P. Harvey, C&M Technology, Inc., Filed: Sep 29, 1988, Pub: Jun 28, 2005 (almost a 20 year delay) - uses a stepper motor as a generator so no batteries are needed. - 22 patents reference this one. This and the above probably are the XO-7. 20 Figures

Documents
Installation Instructions for the X-07/CEX-07 High Security Electronic Lock Type 1F, Doc. No. 001.123 Rev. D 11/98
Operating Instructions for the X-07CEX-07 High Security Electronic Lock (Type 1F), Doc No. 000.111 Rev. D 11/98
X-07 Troubleshooting Guide, Doc. No. 041.018 Rev. B 01/98

Photos

Fig 1 Box as received

Fig 2 Factory foam packing
Fig 3 Dial assembly and lock assembly

Fig 4 The polyimide flex circuit cable (Wiki) has a 4 terminal end
and also a 5 terminal end. They go in sockets with the matching
number of contacts in the rubber block (which just pulls out of the
metal clip and splits open).
Fig 5 Shown with the bolt pointing up since it apparently does
not have a return spring. A motor pushes the bolt out.
Fig 6 Change Key
This is just a "U" shaped gold plated 0.98mm dia. wire.
3.25mm c-c?

YouTube: EEVblog 1484 - Kaba Mas X-09 High Security Electronic Lock Teardown, 18:25 - one of the comments: "...if the generator died, you could destroy the knob and remove the two screws that hold the front cover on. Then, you could reattach a functioning generator and spin the hub to get the lock open. I have seen this done once."

Blank Display
Lock is Powered Down

OP->
Open Right

Lightening Bolt
Incorrect Combination Dialed.

Lightening Bolt
[Error Count]
Incorrect Combination dialed [error count] times.

UL->
Unlocked

LU->
Lock Up

Key
Change Key Symbol.
Lock is in Change Combination Mode

SL->
Select Mode of Operation

<-EC
Enter Combination

PO->
Pull Out Change Key

<-CC
Confirm Combination

C1
Enter first Combination

C2
Enter second Combination

Wired: How Safecrackers Can Unlock an ATM in Minutes—Without Leaving a Trace, Aug 9, 2019 - Only for Kaba Mas Cencon & Auditcon locks.

Padlocks

20 May 2017 Group of Padlocks

Yale 633 & No. 25 key
Yale No. 39 RR
Yale 805F (my 2nd)
Keline CMSTP&P RR w/key
Fraim DL&W RR w/key
Valiant w/key
Grobin (fake Corbin)

YouTube: LockPickingLawyer: [471] The Top Ten Biggest and Baddest Padlocks -

No.
Wt
Mfg
Model
Core
LPL

1
4# - 14oz
Squire
SS80CS
Mauer
NW4
[371]

2
4# - 12oz
Hi-Shear
LK1200
Medeco

3
4# - 5oz
Mul-T-Lock E18H
Mul-T-Lock
Interactive [329]

4
4# - ?
Mul-T-Lock
C16
Mul-T-Lock
Interactive
-or-
MT5+
[235]

5
3# - 8oz
Kasp
19070X
Euro
------
Mul-T-Lock
MT5+
[200]

6
3# - 7oz
ASSA
Ruko 4-5
ASSA
Twin Max

7
3# - 7oz
S&G
831
Medeco

8
2# - 14oz
Rotalok

Kaba
20
-------
Ikon
R10
(MT5+)
[250]
[860]

9
2# - 13oz
Abloy
362

10
2#
ABUS
37RK/80

[548]

It turns out that to get high security using a padlock the hasp also needs to be high security. That's to say if you install a high security padlock on your existing hasp the security will be severely compromised.
There are a number of high security hasp patents to cover this.

Patents

869475 Padlock, Arthur F Bardwell, Yale and Towne, 1907-10-29, - Bardwell invented a key duplicating machine, see: 866418.
893316 Padlock, Charles A Erichson, Yale and Towne, 1908-07-14, -

Characteristics

This is an idea of how to classify locks by using their characteristics.

Body Shape: Rectangular, Circle, Heart, &Etc.
Body Size: width in mm.
Weight:
Shackle: diameter is mm
Key Operation: (not mentioned = key turns), Push Key (non turning, See Yale Push Key), Lever Push Key (non turning, see Lever Pancake Locks).
Shackle Motion: (not mentioned = Spring Up then manual rotate, Rotate (see: USPS Counter Padlock), Push Up then Rotate (see Yale Push Key)
Locking Mechanism: Key, Combination, Puzzle
Key Location: Front center, Front bottom, Bottom Center, Bottom Left, Bottom Right (shackle pivot on right), 5:00 O'clock, 6:00 O'clock, 3:00 O'clock.
Key Type: flat, warded, push, barrel or pipe, solid, &Etc.

Master 1500iD

This lock gets good reviews in that it's more secure than the classical Master locker combination lock and it's much easier to use, so good value.

Fig 1
This is a mechanical lock that works by pushing the knob Up, Right, Down or Left in a sequence.

6718803 Combination lock, Yehonatan Knoll, Knollan Ltd., Apr 13, 2004 -
So far it has not opened. Maybe there is a backup combination?

What are the numbers at the left counting down from 10 with 5 magnified? security level, but not of much meaning
Fig 2 Does not open.
I thought someone might have opened the lock and changed it's combination, but the seal on the back of the lock looks intact, so the problem is at the factory.

It appears that there's no way to try out a new combination after it's been set, like on a safe where you can test it with the door open. Here you are committed to the change and there's no way to confirm it was done correctly. This applies when the factory sets the combination used to ship the lock.

Idea: Early safes may have had a problem with vibration causing the disks to rotate so the notch was up, and if the bar was at the 12:00 o'clock position the safe could just be opened. Applying some tension to the wheel pack solved that.
In this case maybe the vibration associated with shipping causes scrambling of the set combination?

Fig 3 Received a pair of replacement mechanical locks.

Fig 4

Fig 5 After pressing the shackle down a couple of times (to zero the lock)
then Left, Down, Down, Left and pulling up the lock opened the first time.

Master 1500eXD Padlock

This is an electronic version of the 1500iD (above) padlock. It has the Speed Dial action.

Battery Failure:
1. If the CR2032 coin battery fails while the 1500eXD is locked then . . .
2. Open the battery drawer a little way and insert just the edge of a CR2013 battery (+ up) to jump start the lock.

1. If the it's been 4 or 5 years and you want to replace the CR2032 battery then....
2. Unlock the 1500eXD and open the shackle, then pull the battery drawer all the way out

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3 Note battery drawer at bottom.

Fig 4 Battery drawer open
to change batt. Note: slot
below battery for jump start.

Fig 5
PROBLEM
Can not close battery drawer!
This is as far closed as it will go.

Patents shown on back (Fig 2):
7708340 Padlock display package
7516843 Padlock display package
7743917 Padlock display package
8453481 Padlock, Glenn P. Meekma, Master Lock Company Llc, filed: Jul 15, 2010, Pub: Jun 4, 2013 - electronic version of 1500iD
D685252 Lock - design only
D685250 Lock - design only
D673836 Lock - design only
D688546 Lock - design only

Master Lock (Wiki)
1490987 Lock Casing, Soref Harry E, Apr 22, 1924, 70/52, 70/38.00C -laminated metal case
The military uses a high security padlock to keep the SINCGARS radios from being stolen from HMMWVs.

S&G Environmental Padlock (0881)

This lock is designed to survive outdoors in harsh environments. The lock mechanism is not a pin tumbler, but rather an Abloy disk tumbler (Wiki) type.
Bosnia Bill says there are only 3 active tumblers, the key that came with this lock has 6 cuts.

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

4359886 Key lock cylinder for possibly contaminated environments,Walter R. Evans, Gary R. Murphree, Shelly M. Osborne, S&G, 1982-11-23 -

Related, not sure where 4651546 is used.
4651546 High security rotary disc, pin tumbler type cylinder lock, Walter R. Evans, S&G, 1987-03-24, - rotary disc tumbler and pin tumbler type
Let me know which lock this key fits.

YouTube: bosnianbill:
(62) How to Pick Sargent & Greenleaf Model 0881 Environmental Padlock - details on the 17 possible key cuts (the rest were eliminated because they would allow removing the key when unlocked).
(120) How to Make a Key for the Sargent & Greenleaf Environmental Padlock Model 0881 -
Lock Picking Lawyer: [1482] The Most Weather Resistant Padlock Ever Made — S&G Environmental, 2:52 - only 3 disks, so only 27 different keys.

Sargent and Greenleaf web page -
4359886 Key lock cylinder for possibly contaminated environments, Walter R. Evans, Gary R. Murphree, Shelly M. Osborne, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Nov 23, 1982 -
4651546 High security rotary disc, pin tumbler type cylinder lock, Walter R. Evans, Sargent & Greenleaf, Inc., Mar 24, 1987 -

S&G High Security Padlocks

826

Similar to the 831 below, except instead of the key core cover being a drawer on the side of the padlock, it's on the top of the lock under the side of the shackle that opens.

831

This is an S&G 831B-X01-USA high security padlock. The lock is made by Meedeco (Wiki).

Fig 1

NSN: 5340-01-188-1560
831B-X01-USA
High Security Padlock
Quantity   1 Each
DLA500-87-D-0172 ($3.2 million S&G contract)
C                             10/88
Fig 2
Patent 3713309

Fig 3
Sargent & Greenleaf Inc.
Licensed Under US Patent 3638460
1986
Ingersoll, US
831B-M-1
1988

Fig 4

Fig 5 The control key allows removing the lock body slide.

3713309 Key operable padlock with slidable seal for plug, Miller H, Sargent & Greenleaf, Filed: Nov 4, 1971,Pub: Jan 30, 1973 , 70/38A; 70/369; 70/52; 70/417-
3638460 Locking bars, Berry Daniel Victor, Knott Stanley Gerald Thomas , Ingersoll Locks Ltd , Filed: Jan 3, 1969, Pub: Feb 1, 1972, 70/52; 70/39 - (Ingersoll Locks, UK)

833

3572064 Padlocks, Daniel Victor Berry, Stanley Gerald Thomas Knott, Ingersoll Locks, 1971-03-23, 70/52; 292/281 - padlock plus shackle
3638460 see above
4776187 Changeable key cylinder exposed shackle padlock, Walter R. Evans, Gregory C. Lainhart, S&G, 1988-10-1, 70/38A; 70/369; 70/52 - European door type core?
4763496 see below

YouTube: Lock Picking Lawyer: [687] U.S. Military “Miracle Lock” with Ingersoll 10-Lever Core Picked and Gutted, 9:10 -

951

This padlock has the "Z" shaped removable top. Has embedded ceramic rods to slow down drilling and grinding

YouTube: Adrian Weber: Sargent & Greenleaf 951 Military Padlock - Sargent & Greenleaf 951 Military Padlock Core -
Table compiled from LockPicking101

Model
NSN
Keyway
Customer

951
5340-01-510-2351 D4
Navy & USMC

951
5340-01-217-5068 D4
US Military outside US

951
5340-01-449-4346 R1
Federal agencies & DOD

951C
5340-01-585-7691 S1
Civilian - non restricted

3710603 Key operable padlock with rotatable seal for plug
4102162 Padlock having guided wedges for resisting destructive wedge attack
4107965 Padlock having knuckle type anti-wedge-attack structure
4241594 Slide cover type changeable key plug padlock
4763496 High security changeable key cylinder type shackle padlock - to be used with hasp 3572064, 3759557, 3638460, 3744280, Locking bars for high security padlocks

American Lock
This is a low security padlock (DLA).
I think this is mismarked, it should be NSN: 5340-01-588-1596 (solid body). NSN: 5340-00-292-0904 is for a laminated body padlock. The equivalent commercial nomenclature is American Lock No. ASL40 N MK W27 B SBC USS 15-10-5).
This NSN shows up on Google with a Master Lock laminated type lock.
~~The Specification:~~ ~~A-A-59486A~~ ~~lists two dash numbers and -1 has a shackle to body dimension of 0.688 to 1.188" and this lock is about 0.725" so might be the -1 version.~~
These padlocks can have master and grand master keying.

Fig 1 American Lock M112C Padlock
NSN: 5340-00-292-0904
Date: 05/2006

Fig 2 "SET, U.S., M112C"
Fig 3 American Lock^TM

Fig 4 Series 5200 Padlock

Fig 5 5200 padlock used with this bracket
to secure RT-1439 SINCGARS radio.

Fig 6 Showing lock in use.

Seal Lock

The idea is to have a seal that's damaged when the key is inserted. That way you can see the seal is broken. Note that the USPS went from using Counter Padocks to just seals (i.e. no locking) to maintain the tracking of registered mail.
LockPickingLawyer: [1258] Sometimes I Forget How Good Bike Locks Have Become - 0:34: Slaymaker US B.I.R. Seal Lock, Bureau of Internal Revenue.

Slaymaker Bureau of Industrial Alcohol (B.I.A.) Seal Padlock
Slaymaker has a padlock marked U.S. B.I.A. Bureau of Industrial Alcohol (that was at the time of the Civil War) that is a seal type padlock.
Have sent the padlock to Economy Lock & Key in Santa Rosa, CA to have a key fitted (2021 Dec 22). This is holiday season, but it may take awhile.

On order. Looking on info to make a key.
Photo from RestraintsBlog - US IRS -

Has the look and feel of a Yale RR 039 is same as the Keline.

Fig 1 It looks like a mouse made a nest inside the lock.
But that's not possible. It's really chads from the broken seals.

Fig 2
Post dia: 0.216"
Surrounding hole dia: 0.364"

Fig 3 photo from WorthPoint
Note the pre-cut hole for the tang at the top.
The cover has been closed and then the key used to open it. I expect the seal has a sticky back like on a postage stamp. That would explain it surviving the close-open cycle.

I tried using a 1c postage stamp and it deformed like shown below.

Fig 4 Noe pocket for stamp.
min ID of key: 0.226"
Fig 5 this was made to fit into the pocket.
The slot for the tang is not symmetrical.
Fig 6 Three tries
1. Wide mangled
2. Inside pocket still on cover
3. 1c stamp deformed by pocket

The Making of B.I.A. Key
email from locksmith at Economy Lock & Key:
"Good afternoon Brooke and happy new year! I wanted to let you know that I received your padlock last week and began working on it. I unfortunately do not have any blanks for this style of padlock nor are any remanufactured for these. I however found a bit of information online in regards to the style of blank and operating instructions. I love a good puzzle and this padlock is too cool to not attempt to find a way to manufacture a key blank. I found a piece of brass stock from a pull bar that had plenty of meat for me to start with and began to work the material down into a workable blank. This project quickly became well over the $100 mark but I just wanted to see if it was possible to manufacture my own blank. I am happy to report that I finished your key New Year’s Eve and am happy with how it came out. I wanted to put this in writing for you and send you some pictures of the process. I hope you enjoy the key as much as I enjoyed making it!
Thanks for the fun project!"

Fig 10

Fig 11

Fig 12

Fig 13

Fig 14

Fig 15

Fig 16

Seal Lock Patents
Class 70 Locks

/46: Padlocks - key-controlled - rigid shackle - pivoted - swinging detent - Free end only engaged
/50: Portable - Padlocks - with seal
/408: Key - Operating elements - Keys - Bow or Head
/423: Key - Tampering prevention or attack defeating - keyhole guards

27524 Sealing-lock for railway-cars, James Clark, 1860-03-20, 292/282 - lead disk clamped on twisted wires. -

35868 Seal-locks for mail-bags, Jean R. Boubilla, 1862-07-15, 292/307R -

44757 Seal Lock, James E. Thompson, 1864-10-18, 70/50 70/423-

51434 Seal-lock, H.W. Dopp, 1865-12-12, 292/328 - RR car

57539 Seal-lock, Ward McLean, 1866-08-28, 70/50; 70/46 - padlock, paper seal must be broken to access keyhole.

81203 Seal-lock, O.S. Pease, 1868-08-18, 70/50 - hand tool to set eyelet instead of locking mechanism

81204 Seal-lock, O.S. Pease, 1868-08-18, 70/50; 70/423 - padlock, with keyhole cover bar extended to that it can be sealed with an eyelet

93371 Seal-lock, Thomson & Tillinghast, 1869-08-03, 292/328; 411/937.1 - for boxcars, multiple seals for each station.

95204 Seal-lock, John Dewe, 1869-09-28, 292/327; 70/65 - pin in belt

97127 Padlock, Thomas Slaight, 1869-11-23, 70/46 - lever padlock, not seal, This is the Slaymaker Bureau of Industrial Alcohol padlock.

98917 Seal Lock, FranklinW. Brooks, 1870-01-18, 70/50; 70/43; 70/46; 70/53; 70/423; 292/329 - strap between shackle and body of padlock.

99831 Seal Lock, Franklin W. Brooks, 1870-02-15, 70/50 70/423 -

109718 Seal Lock, Joseph Corbett, Franklin W. Brooks, American Seal Lock Co, 1870-11-29, 70/50 70/423 -

141519 Seal-Locks,Thomas Slaight, 1878-08-05, 70/50; 70/46; 70/408 - This is the Slaymaker Bureau of Industrial Alcohol padlock.

151748 Seal-Locks, Franklin W. Brooks, 1874-06-09, 70/50 70/46 70/408-

272769 Seal Lock, John C. Rae, 1883-02-20, 70/50; 70/43 -

Clarke Combination Seal Lock Co. Baltimore, M.D.

Saw this at Restraints Blog - and since it has my family name correctly spelled and patent dates I can't resist finding the patents.
Note that Henry Clarke, the inventor of this seal padlock, is also the inventor of the postal Counter Padlock.

Photo from eBay seller ezmoneyauctions.

The first application of the Clarke combination lock was on an umbrella (109386).

109386 Umbrella (Lock), Henry Clarke, 1870-11-22, 70/59; 70/298 - "...the umbrella may be conveniently locked when closed, so that no one, except the owner or some one knowing the combination, can unlock and open the um brella..."

135523 Combination Locks, Henry Clarke, 1873-02-04, 70/298 -tumblers (d) are similar in all the Clarke combination lock patents.

164522 Combination Seal-Lock, Henry Clarke, 1875-06-15, 70/440 -

The seal is broken when the tumblers are elevated prior to entering the combination.

Improvements to 135523 which was Reissued (RE5497).

RE5497 Combination Locks, Henry Clarke, 1873-06-22, 70/298 - was 135523

RE6959 Combination-Lock, Henry Clarke, (H. Clarke) The Clarke Lock Co, 1876-02-29, 70/298 - was 109386
Fig 1: Front
Fig 2: Vertical section at centerline of drum (x-x).
Fig 3: Horizontal section at bottom of drum (y-y).
Fig 4: tumbler (slide) details.
Fig 5: Horizontal section of drum center at z-z Fig 2.
Fig 6: modified version of lock

Counter Padlock
These were used by the USPS on bags of registered mail. The lock has a serial number and Veeder Root counter. The shackle rotates in only one direction and so each rotation advanced the counter by one. These are really tamper seals so that the person receiving the locked bag knows it has not been opened. By signing the log the person accpeting the locked bag acknowledges that the counter shows the same count as the prior person signed for. Note while these locks are easy to pick, that causes the counter to increment to the next number, hence you know the lock was opened. Note that when the lock reaches 9999 it jams. That prevents someone opening the lock to bring the number back to the starting number.

These were used with "registered mail pouches" for example see https://www.riverjunction.com/4935 - a belt is threaded through loops the close the opening. It can be easily be defeated by cutting the bag or belt, but that would be obvious to the next person to receive the bag pointing the finger and the prior person on the list of signatures.

The guys at my local post office called these "rotary locks" and said they quit using them around 2001. They now use seals (Wiki).

YouTube: LockPickingLawyer:

Diebold 177-23 Group 2	For Fig 2 & Fig 3 see Field Expedient Lock Stand below	Fig 4
	Fig 5 Note the location of the change key hole compared to the S&G R6700 (Fig 6) To change the combo on the Diebold 177 combination is dialed using the normal index, but for the S&G the "change index" needs to be used for dialing the combination. This difference is reflected in the location of the change key hole on the cover.
LeFebure Group 2	The relocking spring on the bolt at upper left and it's boss on the back of the cover plate can be seen. If the back plate is removed the bolt will be held in the open position. That could happen, like here or if the spindle was "punched" out. LaGuard uses the same relock patented design. When reassembling the lock after removing it the "smith" did not screw it in all the way. Note key change hole at the lower right of the back cover. Therefore a "change combo index must be dialed" like on the S&G.
La Gard Model 3390SNZ 3390 Series Group 2M S: UL/Vds Class 1/EN1300 Class A N: No Switch Z: parameter not used	Opened Note location of the change key hole, like the S&G so uses a Change Index. See dial photo at left for change index.	Dial
S&G 6630 Group 2M YouTube: S&G 6730 Combination Lock Installation,
S&G R6700 Group 2 YouTube - Combo: 50-50-50 with sound -	Inside correct combo, bolt back Spline key in VU (Vertical Up) so photo is upside down.	Dial with Key Lock
Inside back of R6700 Change key access hole is a square with an added notch. Most of the change key has this cross section.	Back side bolt retracted. Note small round hole near upper left corner for change key round nose. Not sure why the other small hole. Note silver color plug between the spindle hole and bolt. It's directly behind the torque adjustment. Is that what it's for? Let me know about the above.	Fig 6 S&G U8 change key (Marked: IL Co 3)
Fig 7 Change key ready to be turned	Fig 8 Seated change key. The relocker is engaged, bolt in locked position, correct combo set at "change" index. But, without a stand and the dial attached I'm not sure how to read the old combination or set the new combo. Have a display stand or order and am working on manufacturing my own.
S&G 8088 Padlock Appears to be new in the box, but . . . does not open with 10 - 20 - 30 - 0 There may be a problem with some 8088 padlocks See 8088 patents below Center of dial marked: 45	Fig 2 This is a different lock (not the one at left), the one at left did not open. Note the change key is just a smaller version of the S&G Group 2 change key. Marked: US Padlock 8088 Pat. No's. 2,673,457 2,625,032 Other Pat. Pend.
S&G 8077 Padlock This is a more secure version of the 8088 padlock. It has an armor plate removable back to protect the key change hole. See: 8077 patents below Center of dial marked: 35	The change key hole is very much more guarded than in the 8077 compared to the 8088 above. Marked: D20678 U Sargent & Greenleaf Inc. S Rochester, N.Y. U.S.A. 8077A CL1/CL2 Fed. Spec. FF-P-110 1975	The factory combination is "25", but the instructions that came with the lock are wrong. The instructions say to turn CCW four times and stop on 25. Then turn CW to 0 and open. But my lock works with the opposite rotation. Turn CW and stop at 24 after it appears at least 4 times. Then turn CCW to 0 and open. YouTube Video demonstration of this: Open Sargent and Greenleaf 8077A Padlok with Factory "25" Combination
Mosler 302-402 Group 1R Note the dial has a change index, the change method is to take apart the wheel pack, so the dial is mismatch to the lock.	Fig 2 lists some Mosler patents missing 6-32 cover screws.	Fig 3 Missing spindle key to drive cam. Plastic wheels for the "R" part of 1R. Also the the outside of each wheel has a lot of false gates.
Fig 1 Mosler BP-800 Group 1R I thought this was a "Direct Dial" lock, but it's just a Group 1R.	Fig 2	Fig 3 Cast in metal: Mossler BOLT MUST BE OUT TO REMOVE COVER Stickers: Patent numbers 50-25-50 (default combo) UL Listed Combination Lock Group 1 R No. B-83458 BP-800
eBay: Mosler BP-800 Set	Fig 4. "302-402" under default combo sticker. Bolt stock because of old grease.	Fig 5. key-change smooth plastic wheels
Needs special dial. How to install dial when the cover can not be removed until the bolt is out? Thanks to Josh for information on how to get it open. 1. Under the default combination sticker "50-25-50" cast into the lid is "302-402", which is a normal Group 1R, not a "Direct Dial". 2. The reason the bolt did not want to move is the lock was assembled with an old school lubricant that gums up with age, unlike modern synthetic lubricants. So the lock needs to be cleaned and lubricated. To open the bolt just press on the round brass pin in the slot. It would have been easier if I sprayed around the bolt with a solvent.3 3699789 Dial structure for mechanism requiring both lineal and rotary input operating movements, Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1972-10-24, - Direct Dial - 3436941 Combination lock with cam-operated tumblers and sequentially engageable tumbler stops, Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1969-04-08, - 1st Generation Direct Dial - "the operating shaft turns a rotary cam which swings a series of lever tumblers. Each tumbler is pivoted for swinging movement relative to the cam axis, and is spring biased toward the cam. Each tumbler has a gate at its free end. Rotation of the cam positions the gates; the gates must be positioned according to the proper combination be fore they will receive with a series of fingers, or teeth that are mounted to and move with the boit, in order for the bolt to be retracted. " 3518856 Combination Lock With Cam Follower Positioned, Cumulatively Arrested Tumbler Elements', Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1970-07-07, - 2nd generation - "the operating shaft turns a set of several disk-like cams. One end of a pivoted cam follower is spring urged into contact with the shaped periphery of each respective cam. The other end of each cam fol lower bears upon and cams a lineally movable tumbler element. The slider tumbler is spring urged against the cam follower and is positioned in accordance with the angular position of the shaft. At the start of running of the combination, rotation of the dial operates all of the cam followers and slider tumblers, and as the combination numbers are dialed and set by axial movement of the shaft, the respective sliders are cumulatively ar rested by tumbler holding means in the form of a slider holding pin which passes perpendicularly through a hole in the slider." 3702551 Time delay combination locks, Horace A Blizard, Mosler Safe Co, 1972-11-14, - time delay (not time clock) replaces back plate 2029272 Delayed control time lock, William C Miller, Diebold Safe & Lock Co, 1936-01-28, - time delay (not time clock) 2036767 Delayed control timelock, William C Miller, Paul M Hawkins, Diebold Safe & Lock Co, 1936-04-07, - time delay (not time clock) 2097035 Dual control time-lock, William C Miller, Boughton Earl, Diebold Safe & Lock Co,1937-10-26, - dual count down timers 3719064 Combination lock with lineally movable cam followers and nonsequentially acting tumbler holders, A Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-03-06, - 3rd generation - "Push knob locks are easier to operate because they require no complex program of dial turning. They can be operated by turning the dial in either direction directly to each combination number, and do not require opposite rotations of the dial between successive numbers. Moreover, such locks do not require any predetermined number of turns, or indeed, any turns of the dial between succeeding numbers of the combination." 3727439 Modular key lock having lever tumblers with bendable portions, J Parrock, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-04-17, - lever lock 3772904 Lock with changeable guard and locking keys, J Parrock, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-11-20, - lever lock 4073554 Modular safety deposit box system, Charles D. Oder, Harold G. Doehlman, Mosler Safe Co, 1978-02-14, - construction of the safe deposit box assembly 4238942 Direct dial combination lock with driver-cammed reciprocating tumblers and scrambled combs, Joseph J. Parrock, Sr., Mosler Safe Co, 1980-12-16, - direct dial type (push knob) "However, the lock structures of the three Potzick patents are very complicated. As a result those locks are quite difficult and critical to manufacture and assemble properly. For all their manipulation resistance and simplicity of operation, they are far too expensive for use in any but the most vital installations." 2775115 Manipulation-resistant combination lock, Frederick J Bremer, Mosler Safe Co, 1956-12-25, - "If an unauthorized person attempts to manipulate the lock, it will be seen that no clicking noise can be heard nor can any tumbler notch clicks be felt while the lock indexing spindle is being turned." 3436941 Combination lock with cam-operated tumblers and sequentially engageable tumbler stops, Anthony J Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1969-04-08, - "A combination lock operated by turning the dial shaft directly to the numbers of the combination, in either direction, which does not require a prescribed program of dial turns in alternate directions. Once dialed, each number is "set" by pushing the shaft axially." 3719064 Combination lock with lineally movable cam followers and nonsequentially acting tumbler holders, A Potzick, Mosler Safe Co, 1973-03-06, - "The invention relates to improvements in combination locks of the push knob type, that is, locks wherein the dial is turned to a given angular position and that dial position is "set' into the lock by moving a shaft axially from a neutral position thereby to cause a tumbler to retain or "remember' that angular position during the setting of the other tumblers. " 3981167 Direct-Dial Combination Lock, Peter J. Phillips, 1976-09-21 - "a direct dial lock of the conventional gated tumbler wheel type with a conventional straight bar fence. In that lock, a pin on the drive is engaged with and is successively releasable from drive apertures in the tumbler wheels to allow sequential release of the located tumbler wheels upon axial movement of the driver. As in Bremer, the driver has a smooth cylindrical surface on which the lever nose rides that prevents engagement of the fence bar with the gate openings until the driver has been shifted axially to a tumbler wheel release location which aligns the lever nose with a driver notch. Like Bremer, the Phillips lock is much simpler than the complex Potzick structures. However, because it requires gated tumbler wheels that receive a straight or "unscrambled' fence bar, it is more susceptible to attack. All of the tumblers align at a single position of the fence; and it is far easier to determine that one position that it is to determine the multiple alignment positions of the doubly scrambled Potzick locks. 4516417 Changeable keylock having tumblers with shiftable pivot seats, Joseph J. Parrock, American Standard, 1985-05-14, - lever lock
Yale on Stand 1921 patent date 1.56" back of ring to front of lock	Fig 2 "PACKAGE 7" printed on tape	Fig 3 First generation where the fence rides directly on the disks. Combination change requires mechanical access to the wheel pack on the cover.
Fig 4 The "tube" between the lock case and dial ring looks much stronger than what is typically used. Probably a part of the patented spindle to prevent "Punching". 1398642 - punch proof - special spindle & tube
Fig 1 S&G 8400 Manipulation Proof No model number info. Note "butterfly" knob in center of dial. The two stand feet are removable, i.e. paper doll construction.	Fig 2 Back Side Manipulation Proof MP Sargent & Greenleaf Inc. Rochester, N.Y,. U.S.A. Pat. No. 2,576,674 Other pat's pend. Use 6720 Change key

Fig 1 S&G Lever Lock + Cutler Mail Chute Co., Rochester, NY	Fig 2 S&G Lever Lock + Cutler Mail Chute Co., Rochester, NY
Fig 3 S&G 4101 pin tumbler lock	Fig 4 S&G 4101 pin tumbler lock
Fig 8 S&G 4110 Series Cabinet Lock see patent 1431381 above	Fig 9 S&G 4110	Fig 10 The 7 wafers are all the same, the fence is adjustable.
Fig 11 S&G Locker Combination Lock This appears to be almost the same mechanism as the PO Box lock in Fig 7 below, except this version has 3 wheels.	Fig 12 S&G Locker Combination Lock The hole in the lower left and the hole in Fig 6 below are both over the fence and so can be used to set the wheels to the open position, but it's not clear how to determine the combination.	Fig 13 S&G Locker Combination Lock 3 wheels
Fig 5 2-wheel Combination PO Box lock If you know maker let me know.	Fig 6 2-wheel Combination PO Box lock Does not open with printed combo.	Fig 7 Combination PO Box lock 2 wheels

Fig 1 on key: 20374, Independent Lock Co., Fitchburg, Mass. U.S.A., (now called Kaba-ILCO) P.O. Dept., Do not Dup.	Fig 2 on door casting: "Ord Mfg Co.1967" on lock: "20374"	Fig 3 Yale 1892 Key, Single dial 3-No., ILCO Conversion
Fig 4	Fig 5 pot metal cover causes lock failure

STRIKE PLATE	STRIKE PLATE PICTURE	STRIKE PLATE DIAGRAM
8497-001 Strike Plate #1 For in-swing door, inside frame mount
8497-002 Strike Plate #2 For out-swing door
8497-003 Strike Plate #3 For in-swing door, flush mount or in-swing double doors
8497-004 Strike Plate #9 For out-swing double doors

Fig 1 This is a mechanical lock that works by pushing the knob Up, Right, Down or Left in a sequence. 6718803 Combination lock, Yehonatan Knoll, Knollan Ltd., Apr 13, 2004 - So far it has not opened. Maybe there is a backup combination? What are the numbers at the left counting down from 10 with 5 magnified? security level, but not of much meaning	Fig 2 Does not open. I thought someone might have opened the lock and changed it's combination, but the seal on the back of the lock looks intact, so the problem is at the factory. It appears that there's no way to try out a new combination after it's been set, like on a safe where you can test it with the door open. Here you are committed to the change and there's no way to confirm it was done correctly. This applies when the factory sets the combination used to ship the lock. Idea: Early safes may have had a problem with vibration causing the disks to rotate so the notch was up, and if the bar was at the 12:00 o'clock position the safe could just be opened. Applying some tension to the wheel pack solved that. In this case maybe the vibration associated with shipping causes scrambling of the set combination?
Fig 3 Received a pair of replacement mechanical locks.	Fig 4
Fig 5 After pressing the shackle down a couple of times (to zero the lock) then Left, Down, Down, Left and pulling up the lock opened the first time.

Fig 1 Disc Cam Lock (eBay <$10, motif2014)	Fig 1 Abloy Sentry PL321/50B-KA 35GP52 Padlock	Fig 1 Abloy Sentry
Fig 1 LaGard 2200 - High Security Key Lock UL 768 Group 2, 4 disks	Fig 2 Note key change hole at upper right. Used with a zero bitted key	Fig 3 relocker activates if punched
Padlock	Padlock	Padlock

		9497 Safety-Lock, Linus Yale, Dec 21, 1852, 70/354; 70/419 - not sure if disk tumbler or something else, like a lever lock, but with offset cylinders instead of levers.
		1514318 Safety lock, Henriksson Emil Wilhelm, App: 1919-05-29, Pub: 1924-11-04, 70/143; 70/151A; 70/DIG.28; 70/366; 70/409- Abloy - History - LockWiki: Abloy Disklock / Disklock Pro -
		2217047 Lock, Fitz Gerald John W, Briggs & Stratton Corp, Oct 8, 1940 - rotating disk lock
		3789638 Rotary disc tumbler lock construction, Cohn R, Roberts M, Ward J, Locking Syst Inc, Feb 5, 1974 -
		4127996 Key profile system, Henrikki Malminen, Kaarlo Martikainen, Oy Wartsila Ab, Dec 5, 1978 - assigned to Abloy 1990
		4351172 Cylinder lock mechanism, Kaarlo Martikainen, Oy Wartisila Ab, Sep 28, 1982 - assigned to Abloy 1990
		4686843 Cylinderlock-key-combination, Kaarlo Martikainen, Kyosti Nevalainen, Oy Wartsila Ab, Aug 18, 1987 - assigned to Abloy 1990
		5490405 Cylinder lock--key--combination, Seija Ramo, Kyosti Nevalainen, Pekka Vehvilainen, Abloy Security Ltd Oy, Feb 13, 1996
		6799447 Cylinder lock-key-combination, Pekka Mielonen, Seppo Kiiski, Abloy Oy, Oct 5, 2004 -
		8485006 Disc tumbler cylinder lock and key combination, Seppo Kiiski, Abloy Oy, Jul 16, 2013 - Protec2 system with ball bearing in key to only allow turning the key when it's all the way in.

Group	Attacker	Time hours	Dial Tolerance	Examples
1	Skilled	20	+/- 0.5	S&G 2937, 6435
1R	Skilled w/X-Ray	20	+/- 0.5	S&G 8430, 8560
2M	Skilled	2	+/- 1.25	S&G 6630
2	Semi-skilled	2	+/- 1.25	S&G 6730

Fig 1 Unknown make & Model Delay of 15, 20, 25 or 30 minutes set by screw position. There are two independent escapements and drive trains including separate mainsprings for redundancy. This is the same size as a Group 2 lock bock and piggybacks onto it with a coupling between the wheel at the top of the left unit and the drive cam on the combo lock. Wound as part of dialing the second number. See: Mosler 3702551	S&G Time Delay	S&G Time Delay
	S&G Time Delay	S&G Time Delay 14424 Unadjustrd Twenty Four (24) Jewels Made in Switzerland for Herman D. Steel Company Philadelphia, Pa, U.S.A.

Mfg	Model	Forbidden Range
Diebold	177 & 180	90 - 10
Diebold	900	75 - 100
Federal	800	0 - 20
Ilco	69; 673; A673; 674	0 - 20
LaGard	1800; 1843; 1847; 1854; 1980; 1985	0 - 20
	3330 (splined at 50)	0 - 20
	3330 (splined at 44)	95 - 15
Mosler	120; 302; 402; 1830	90 - 10
Precision	all	0 - 20
S&G	6205; 6230; 6430; 6530; 6650; 6700	0 - 20
"	6709; 6727(074); 6731; 6741	0 - 20
"	6730 (splined at 50)	0 - 20
"	6730 (splined at 41)	90 - 10
"	6738	90 - 20
"	6750 (splined at 50)	90 - 20
"	6750 (splined at 41)	80 - 10
"	8400	45 - 50
"	8500	90 - 20

94613 Permutation Lock, W.F. Kistler, J.L. Hall, 1869-09-07, 70/133- the eBay lock "... prevent the “dog,' secured to the anchor, from being in contact with the faces of the tumblers, in order to prevent “feeling” for the slots in the tumblers..."
	Fig 1	Fig 2 The disks have the look and feel of the Herman Safe Co.	Fig 3
	Fig 4	Fig 5	Fig 6

	402590 Safe, J.L. Hall, 1889-05-07, 292/304; 109/64; 105/216; 312/325 - hinge for circular door that allows it to be moved to the side giving much better access to the safe.
	816724 Fireproof safe and process of filling the walls of the same, William H Hall, Edward C Hall, 1906-04-03, 109/84 - the old method of filling voids with concrete can cause bulging and damage to the safe. This is a better way.

Fig 1 Yale & Towne logo	Fig 2	406487 Lock, July 9, 1899	Fig 3 Note date on bolt that was hidden when bolt was in locked position July 9, 1899 I saw this after finding and posting the patent.
Fig 4 tenant levers are all the same depth.	Fig 5	Fig 6 Holes allow seeing status of tenant and guard locks.	Fig 7 Size Comparison

Model	Comment
4400	since 1922
4442	matches Diebold 175
4443	matches Mosler 5700
4444	for B & C rate safe doors pick & pull resistant long throw bolt

Fig 1 Front view, note gates are all aligned in hole to the right, but not at the left.	Fig 2 Back	Fig 3 Inside with tenant key,
Fig 4 Tenant key aligned levers, note false notches	Fig 5 Lock open, Note false notches on tenant side bar, but not on guard side bar. A 2 stump design. `Tenant levers top to bottom: 2 0 1 4 4 7Guard levers top to bottom: 2 2 4 6 4`I think that both the renter and guard locks support up to 7 levers.	Lever Safe Deposit Locks (S&G 4400 and Mosler M5700)

Knob (20)	Dial (40)	Result
CW	CW	dial spins because dog (22) if clear of wheels
CW	CCW	"
CCW	CW	Dial locks up as dog (22) presses on wheels
CCW	CCW	Dial locks up as dog (22) catches gate on center wheel

Fig 1 5" overall height 3.656" overall wide. fits into box 4-3/4" x 3-1/2"	Fig 2	Fig 3 There is a label holder, but it's empty, the number 183 is a stencil on the front.	Fig 4 Showing the mechanism w/cover removed.
693114 Feb 11, 1902	738739 Sep 8, 1903

Fig 1 4 CBUs on concrete pad	Fig 2 Delivery Doors Open (CW locks)
Fig 3 Compx USPS-L-1172C National Mailbox Lock C9100 Lock The key is mirrored from my CBU key, but this lock could replace the one in the CBU. Instructions	Fig 4 CompX National USPS Parcel box lock
	8973812 Cluster box mail delivery unit having security features, USPS, 2015-03-10, -
	20200325709 Key capture lock, USPS, 2020-10-15, - The locks have the feel of a Key-In-Knob, but the housing is specialized. See PO Boxes above. Note pawl (212) has point (218) that engages teeth on wheel (208) allowing it to only turn in one direction.

Commercial	USPS	Rotation
C9100	910B?	CW
C9200		CCW
C9300	603B
C9400	306D
C9500	308

Part Number	Material Description
8415-107	8400 Group 1 Deadbolt, aluminum/brass wheels (strike not included)
8435-106	8400 Group 1R Deadbolt, acetal resin & brass wheels (strikes not included)
8555-105	8500 Group 1 Deadbolt, aluminum/brass wheels (strikes not included)
8565-105	8500 Group 1R Deadbolt, acetal resin & brass wheels (strikes not included)
8497-001	No. 1 Insiwng Door Strike
8497-002	No. 2 Outswing Door Strike
8497-003	No. 3 Inswing Door Strike
8497-004	No. 9 Double Door, Outswing Strike

Fig 1 New In Box	Fig 2 Contents of this box Lock Side showing opening knob and hard plate & Accessory kit.	Fig 3 Packing inside box with custom cardboard stuffer.
Fig 4 Dial Side	Fig 5 Rear cover removed The "Lock" slide on the cover interfers with the large screw on the lock bolt.	Fig 6 After opening using combination

		20050261804 Mechanical lock manipulation device and method, John Doty, Gerald Dawson, Carl Cole, KABA-MAS, 2005-11-24, - has different methods for different brands and models.
		10669742 Method for opening a combination padlock, Andrew O. Williams, Lockheed, Priority: 1990-03-09, SECRET or 20 Years, Pub: 2020-06-02, - for S&G 8088, 8077AB Fig 6, 7 & 8: dial indicator on shackle, lock on bench Fig 9, 10 & 11: dial indicator on lock body, lock on file cabinet

US2974517	Apr 21, 1958	Mar 14, 1961	Isaac Jacobs	Combination lock opener
US4056956	Jul 13, 1976	Nov 8, 1977	New York School Of Locksmithing, Inc.	Tool for determining safe lock component positions
US4319223	Jul 1, 1965	Mar 9, 1982	The Bendix Corporation	Full code means for electromechanical decoder
US4377847	Feb 17, 1981	Mar 22, 1983	Gould Inc.	Microprocessor controlled micro-stepping chart drive
US4433563	Apr 7, 1982	Feb 28, 1984	Wilson Glenn E	Lock decoder - uP based
US4769583	May 1, 1987	Sep 6, 1988	General Motors Corporation	Motion control system with minimum time path generation
US4777603	Mar 8, 1985	Oct 11, 1988	Cybermation, Inc.	Controller for multiple-axis machine
US4803860	Jul 24, 1987	Feb 14, 1989	Moore Randall L	Manipulation assistance device and method

US5184491	Jul 19, 1990	Feb 9, 1993	Theodor Kromer Gmbh & Co. Kg Spezialfabrik Fur Sicherheitsschlosser	Combination lock with motor-driven tumblers
US5477608	Nov 9, 1993	Dec 26, 1995	Bernhard Schafer Werkseug-Und Sondermaschinenbau Gmbh	Apparatus for connecting a wire to a contact element
US5678436	Nov 28, 1995	Oct 21, 1997	Alexander; Curtis Earl	Remote control door lock system
US7267018	Jul 6, 2005	Sep 11, 2007	Kabushiki Kaisha Honda Lock	Steering lock system inspection device
US7694542	ul 21, 2005	Apr 13, 2010	Stanton Concepts Inc.	Tool operated combination lock
US7712342	Oct 21, 2005	May 11, 2010	Stanton Concepts Inc.	Tool operated combination lock
US20050261804	May 21, 2004	Nov 24, 2005	John Doty	Mechanical lock manipulation device and method
US20060016230	Jul 21, 2005	Jan 26, 2006	Stanton Concepts Inc.	Tool operated combination lock
US20060021402	Jul 6, 2005	Feb 2, 2006	Kabushiki Kaisha Honda Lock	Steering lock system inspection device
US20060096343	Oct 21, 2005	May 11, 2006	Stanton Concepts Inc.	Tool operated combination lock
US20080209959	Mar 3, 2008	Sep 4, 2008	Natalee Russo-Amati	Key Actuation Mechanism
US20090280862	May 29, 2009	Nov 12, 2009	Stanton Concepts Inc.	Tool Operated Combination Lock
US20100194526	Mar 22, 2010	Aug 5, 2010	Stanton Concepts Inc.	Tool Operated Combination Lock
US20100194527	Mar 22, 2010	Aug 5, 2010	Stanton Concepts Inc.	Tool Operated Combination Lock
US20140245798	Mar 4, 2013	Sep 4, 2014	Christopher V. Beckman	Add-Lock
CN103912159A	Apr 25, 2014	Jul 9, 2014	广州市亚太天能信息技术有限公司	Back locking method of door lock
EP2025840A1	Jul 31, 2007	Feb 18, 2009	Franck Haddadi	Device designed to allow opening without destroying the lock

Fig 1 Box as received	Fig 2 Factory foam packing	Fig 3 Dial assembly and lock assembly
Fig 4 The polyimide flex circuit cable (Wiki) has a 4 terminal end and also a 5 terminal end. They go in sockets with the matching number of contacts in the rubber block (which just pulls out of the metal clip and splits open).	Fig 5 Shown with the bolt pointing up since it apparently does not have a return spring. A motor pushes the bolt out.	Fig 6 Change Key This is just a "U" shaped gold plated 0.98mm dia. wire. 3.25mm c-c?

Blank Display	Lock is Powered Down
OP->	Open Right
Lightening Bolt	Incorrect Combination Dialed.
Lightening Bolt [Error Count]	Incorrect Combination dialed [error count] times.
UL->	Unlocked
LU->	Lock Up
Key	Change Key Symbol. Lock is in Change Combination Mode
SL->	Select Mode of Operation
<-EC	Enter Combination
PO->	Pull Out Change Key
<-CC	Confirm Combination
C1	Enter first Combination
C2	Enter second Combination

No.	Wt	Mfg	Model	Core	LPL
1	4# - 14oz	Squire	SS80CS	Mauer NW4	[371]
2	4# - 12oz	Hi-Shear	LK1200	Medeco
3	4# - 5oz	Mul-T-Lock	E18H	Mul-T-Lock Interactive	[329]
4	4# - ?	Mul-T-Lock	C16	Mul-T-Lock Interactive -or- MT5+	[235]
5	3# - 8oz	Kasp	19070X	Euro ------ Mul-T-Lock MT5+	[200]
6	3# - 7oz	ASSA	Ruko 4-5	ASSA Twin Max
7	3# - 7oz	S&G	831	Medeco
8	2# - 14oz	Rotalok		Kaba 20 ------- Ikon R10 (MT5+)	[250] [860]
9	2# - 13oz	Abloy	362
10	2#	ABUS	37RK/80		[548]

Fig 1 NSN: 5340-01-188-1560 831B-X01-USA High Security Padlock Quantity 1 Each DLA500-87-D-0172 ($3.2 million S&G contract) C 10/88	Fig 2 Patent 3713309
Fig 3 Sargent & Greenleaf Inc. Licensed Under US Patent 3638460 1986 Ingersoll, US 831B-M-1 1988	Fig 4
Fig 5 The control key allows removing the lock body slide.

Model	NSN	Keyway	Customer
951	5340-01-510-2351	D4	Navy & USMC
951	5340-01-217-5068	D4	US Military outside US
951	5340-01-449-4346	R1	Federal agencies & DOD
951C	5340-01-585-7691	S1	Civilian - non restricted

Fig 1 American Lock M112C Padlock NSN: 5340-00-292-0904 Date: 05/2006	Fig 2 "SET, U.S., M112C"	Fig 3 American Lock^TM
Fig 4 Series 5200 Padlock	Fig 5 5200 padlock used with this bracket to secure RT-1439 SINCGARS radio.	Fig 6 Showing lock in use.

	On order. Looking on info to make a key. Photo from RestraintsBlog - US IRS - Has the look and feel of a Yale RR 039 is same as the Keline.
Fig 1 It looks like a mouse made a nest inside the lock. But that's not possible. It's really chads from the broken seals.	Fig 2 Post dia: 0.216" Surrounding hole dia: 0.364"	Fig 3 photo from WorthPoint Note the pre-cut hole for the tang at the top. The cover has been closed and then the key used to open it. I expect the seal has a sticky back like on a postage stamp. That would explain it surviving the close-open cycle. I tried using a 1c postage stamp and it deformed like shown below.
Fig 4 Noe pocket for stamp. min ID of key: 0.226"	Fig 5 this was made to fit into the pocket. The slot for the tang is not symmetrical.	Fig 6 Three tries 1. Wide mangled 2. Inside pocket still on cover 3. 1c stamp deformed by pocket

	27524 Sealing-lock for railway-cars, James Clark, 1860-03-20, 292/282 - lead disk clamped on twisted wires. -
	35868 Seal-locks for mail-bags, Jean R. Boubilla, 1862-07-15, 292/307R -
	44757 Seal Lock, James E. Thompson, 1864-10-18, 70/50 70/423-
	51434 Seal-lock, H.W. Dopp, 1865-12-12, 292/328 - RR car
	57539 Seal-lock, Ward McLean, 1866-08-28, 70/50; 70/46 - padlock, paper seal must be broken to access keyhole.
	81203 Seal-lock, O.S. Pease, 1868-08-18, 70/50 - hand tool to set eyelet instead of locking mechanism
	81204 Seal-lock, O.S. Pease, 1868-08-18, 70/50; 70/423 - padlock, with keyhole cover bar extended to that it can be sealed with an eyelet
	93371 Seal-lock, Thomson & Tillinghast, 1869-08-03, 292/328; 411/937.1 - for boxcars, multiple seals for each station.
	95204 Seal-lock, John Dewe, 1869-09-28, 292/327; 70/65 - pin in belt
	97127 Padlock, Thomas Slaight, 1869-11-23, 70/46 - lever padlock, not seal, This is the Slaymaker Bureau of Industrial Alcohol padlock.
	98917 Seal Lock, FranklinW. Brooks, 1870-01-18, 70/50; 70/43; 70/46; 70/53; 70/423; 292/329 - strap between shackle and body of padlock.
	99831 Seal Lock, Franklin W. Brooks, 1870-02-15, 70/50 70/423 -
	109718 Seal Lock, Joseph Corbett, Franklin W. Brooks, American Seal Lock Co, 1870-11-29, 70/50 70/423 -
	141519 Seal-Locks,Thomas Slaight, 1878-08-05, 70/50; 70/46; 70/408 - This is the Slaymaker Bureau of Industrial Alcohol padlock.
	151748 Seal-Locks, Franklin W. Brooks, 1874-06-09, 70/50 70/46 70/408-
	272769 Seal Lock, John C. Rae, 1883-02-20, 70/50; 70/43 -

	109386 Umbrella (Lock), Henry Clarke, 1870-11-22, 70/59; 70/298 - "...the umbrella may be conveniently locked when closed, so that no one, except the owner or some one knowing the combination, can unlock and open the um brella..."
	135523 Combination Locks, Henry Clarke, 1873-02-04, 70/298 -tumblers (d) are similar in all the Clarke combination lock patents.
	164522 Combination Seal-Lock, Henry Clarke, 1875-06-15, 70/440 - The seal is broken when the tumblers are elevated prior to entering the combination. Improvements to 135523 which was Reissued (RE5497).
	RE5497 Combination Locks, Henry Clarke, 1873-06-22, 70/298 - was 135523
	RE6959 Combination-Lock, Henry Clarke, (H. Clarke) The Clarke Lock Co, 1876-02-29, 70/298 - was 109386 Fig 1: Front Fig 2: Vertical section at centerline of drum (x-x). Fig 3: Horizontal section at bottom of drum (y-y). Fig 4: tumbler (slide) details. Fig 5: Horizontal section of drum center at z-z Fig 2. Fig 6: modified version of lock